SynthesisJournal of neurology2009
Transcranial duplex in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clinical value of combined assessment of substantia nigra morphology and intracranial hemodynamics via transcranial ultrasound in the diagnosis and differentiation of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease Patients with Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Screening and Targeting Risk Factors for Prodromal Synucleinopathy: Taking Steps toward a Prescriptive Multi-modal Framework.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Ultrasonographic Changes in Brain Hemodynamics in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Disease: A Pilot Study.Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Essential tremor vs idiopathic Parkinson disease: Utility of transcranial sonography.Medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MSA: boundary issues.Journal of neurology · 2015Review
- Developments in the role of transcranial sonography for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2015Review
- The diagnostic accuracy of dopamine transporter SPECT imaging to detect nigrostriatal cell loss in patients with Parkinson's disease or clinically uncertain parkinsonism: a systematic review.EJNMMI research · 2015Article
- Transcranial sonography on Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2013Article
- Logical Differential Prediction Bayes Net, improving breast cancer diagnosis for older women.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2012Article
- CSF xanthine, homovanillic acid, and their ratio as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.Brain research · 2011Article
- Depression in patients with Huntington disease correlates with alterations of the brain stem raphe depicted by transcranial sonography.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2011Article
- Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity is a risk marker of Parkinson's disease: yes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2011Article
- Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra: pitfalls in assessment and specificity for Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2011Review
- [Sonography of the parenchyma in Parkinson's disease].Der Nervenarzt · 2010Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTranscranial duplex scanning (TCD) of the substantia nigra (SN) is increasingly used to diagnose Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD). Up until now 70 diagnostic studies have been published, not only on investigation of the SN, but also of the lenticular nucleus (LN) and the Raphe nuclei (RN).
methodWe systematically reviewed all diagnostic TCD studies in parkinsonian patients up to June 2008.
resultsWe found 35 eligible studies. Of the 1534 IPD patients investigated in the 35 studies 200 (13%) had an inconclusive SN-TCD. An increased echo-intensity of the SN was seen in 1167 (87%) of the 1334 IPD patients, 276 (12%) of the 2340 healthy controls and in 41 (30%) of the 138 patients with an atypical parkinsonian syndrome (APS). On the contrary, a pathological LNTCD was found more often in APS patients (79%) than in IPD patients (23%) and healthy controls (6%). A decreased echo-intensity of the RN was found more often in depressed (46%) than in non-depressed IPD patients (16%).
conclusionsSN-TCD accurately differentiates between patients with IPD and healthy controls, but not between patients with IPD and APS. LN-TCD is only moderate accurate to delineate IPD from APS, but combinations of SN- and LN-TCD may be more promising. RN-TCD has only marginal diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing depression in IPD and non-IPD patients. Before TCD can be implicated, more research is needed to standardize the TCD technique, to investigate the TCD in non-research settings and to determine the additional value of TCD compared with currently used clinical techniques like SPECT imaging.
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