ReviewClinical orthopaedics and related research2009
Update on clubfoot: etiology and treatment.
Review in Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05957627 (Effect of Saleem's Protocol on Foot Deformity in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus), which is not on this map. Cited by 123 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Saleem's Protocol on Foot Deformity in Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Practical Prenatal Ultrasound Classification System for Lower Limb Anomalies-PRELLIM Classification.Prenatal diagnosis · 2025Pooled it
- The use of external fixation for the correction of recurrent clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic factors for recurrent idiopathic clubfoot deformity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Acta orthopaedica · 2022Pooled it
- Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review.International orthopaedics · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of different conservative treatments for idiopathic clubfoot: Ponseti's versus non-Ponseti's methods.The Journal of international medical research · 2017Pooled it
- Ponseti method in the management of clubfoot under 2 years of age: A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Clubfoot care in low-income and middle-income countries: from clinical innovation to a public health program.World journal of surgery · 2014Pooled it
- Results of a Standard versus an Accelerated Ponseti Protocol for Clubfoot: A Prospective Randomized Study.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2020Trial
- Cast Removal by Soaking Reduces Infant and Parental Anxiety Without Affecting Clinical Outcomes in Ponseti-Treated Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Prospective Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cadaveric Dissection of Adult Neglected Talipes Equinovarus.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Quantification of Infant Distress Across Serial Clubfoot Casting Visits: A Prospective Pilot Study.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Clinical and Ultrasonographic Outcomes of Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy Using an 18-Gauge Needle in Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Prospective Study.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Patient-reported outcome using EFAS score in skeletally mature clubfoot patients treated at birth with Ponseti's technique.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Article
- Does Casting Material Influence the Number of Casts Required Before Achilles Tenotomy in the Ponseti Treatment of Severe Idiopathic Clubfoot?Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Determinants for Congenital Clubfoot in Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study at Black Lion Specialized Hospital.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap in Clubfoot Care: A Framework for Sustainable Rehabilitation in Low-Resource Settings.Cureus · 2026Article
- Bilateral Clubfoot in Nail-Patella Syndrome: A Rare Syndromic Case Successfully Treated with the Ponseti Method.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledAlthough clubfoot is one of the most common congenital abnormalities affecting the lower limb, it remains a challenge not only to understand its genetic origins but also to provide effective long-term treatment. This review provides an update on the etiology of clubfoot as well as current treatment strategies. Understanding the exact genetic etiology of clubfoot may eventually be helpful in determining both prognosis and the selection of appropriate treatment methods in individual patients. The primary treatment goal is to provide long-term correction with a foot that is fully functional and pain-free. To achieve this, a combination of approaches that applies the strengths of several methods (Ponseti method and French method) may be needed. Avoidance of extensive soft-tissue release operations in the primary treatment should be a priority, and the use of surgery for clubfoot correction should be limited to an "a la carte" mode and only after failed conservative methods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.