ArticleBMC clinical pharmacology2009
Clinical outcomes and kinetics of propanil following acute self-poisoning: a prospective case series.
Article in BMC clinical pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Impact of β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Herbicides: A Study on Solubility and Toxicity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of ingestion assessment methods in paraquat-poisoned patients.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Characterization of a novel amidohydrolase with promiscuous esterase activity from a soil metagenomic library and its application in degradation of amide herbicides.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of acute propanil poisoning in a 7-year retrospective cohort study.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Anaerobic Degradation of Propanil in Soil and Sediment Using Mixed Bacterial Culture.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Metabolic Hydrolysis of Aromatic Amides in Selected Rat, Minipig, and Human In Vitro Systems.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A bedside test for methemoglobinemia, Sri Lanka.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2016Article
- Role of biomarkers of nephrotoxic acute kidney injury in deliberate poisoning and envenomation in less developed countries.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Review
- P-chloroaniline poisoning causing methemoglobinemia: a case report and review of the literature.Case reports in emergency medicine · 2015Article
- Exchange transfusion can be life-saving in severe propanil poisoning: a case report.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- Applied clinical pharmacology and public health in rural Asia--preventing deaths from organophosphorus pesticide and yellow oleander poisoning.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Review
- The toxicity of the N-hydroxy and 6-hydroxy metabolites of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide does not depend on calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibition.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2013Article
- Acute human self-poisoning with bispyribac-containing herbicide Nominee: a prospective observational study.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2010Article
- A simple quantitative bedside test to determine methemoglobin.Annals of emergency medicine · 2010Article
- Acute intentional self-poisoning with a herbicide product containing fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, and isoxadifen ethyl: a prospective observational study.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPropanil is an important cause of death from acute pesticide poisoning, of which methaemoglobinaemia is an important manifestation. However, there is limited information about the clinical toxicity and kinetics. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes and kinetics of propanil following acute intentional self-poisoning.
methods431 patients with a history of propanil poisoning were admitted from 2002 until 2007 in a large, multi-centre prospective cohort study in rural hospitals in Sri Lanka. 40 of these patients ingested propanil with at least one other poison and were not considered further. The remaining 391 patients were classified using a simple grading system on the basis of clinical outcomes; methaemoglobinaemia could not be quantified due to limited resources. Blood samples were obtained on admission and a subset of patients provided multiple samples for kinetic analysis of propanil and the metabolite 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA).
resultsThere were 42 deaths (median time to death 1.5 days) giving a case fatality of 10.7%. Death occurred despite treatment in the context of cyanosis, sedation, hypotension and severe lactic acidosis consistent with methaemoglobinaemia. Treatment consisted primarily of methylene blue (1 mg/kg for one or two doses), exchange transfusion and supportive care when methaemoglobinaemia was diagnosed clinically. Admission plasma concentrations of propanil and DCA reflected the clinical outcome. The elimination half-life of propanil was 3.2 hours (95% confidence interval 2.6 to 4.1 hours) and the concentration of DCA was generally higher, more persistent and more variable than propanil.
conclusionPropanil is the most lethal herbicide in Sri Lanka after paraquat. Methylene blue was largely prescribed in low doses and administered as intermittent boluses which are expected to be suboptimal given the kinetics of methylene blue, propanil and the DCA metabolite. But in the absence of controlled studies the efficacy of these and other treatments is poorly defined. More research is required into the optimal management of acute propanil poisoning.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.