ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1991
C/EBP-like proteins binding to the functional box-alpha and box-beta of the second enhancer of hepatitis B virus.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Revisiting Hepatitis B Virus: Challenges of Curative Therapies.Journal of virology · 2019Review
- Large-scale viral genome analysis identifies novel clinical associations between hepatitis B virus and chronically infected patients.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Mutations in Hepatitis-B X-Gene Region: Chronic Hepatitis-B versus Cirrhosis.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
- Krüppel-like factor 15 activates hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2011Article
- Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of hepatitis B virus gene expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
- Mechanisms of inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor-dependent hepatitis B virus replication by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- Replication of the wild type and a natural hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid promoter variant is differentially regulated by nuclear hormone receptors in cell culture.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Differential regulation of hepatitis B virus gene expression by the Sp1 transcription factor.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- The hepatitis B virus core promoter is strongly activated by the liver nuclear receptor fetoprotein transcription factor or by ectopically expressed steroidogenic factor 1.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Identification of multiple transcription factors, HLF, FTF, and E4BP4, controlling hepatitis B virus enhancer II.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- In vivo regulation of hepatitis B virus replication by peroxisome proliferators.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Transcriptional repression of human hepatitis B virus genes by a bZIP family member, E4BP4.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Functional analysis of ground squirrel hepatitis virus enhancer II.Journal of virology · 1998Article
- Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily regulate transcription from the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid promoter.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Type, prevalence, and significance of core promoter/enhancer II mutations in hepatitis B viruses from immunosuppressed patients with severe liver disease.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- SP1-binding elements, within the common metaxin-thrombospondin 3 intergenic region, participate in the regulation of the metaxin gene.Nucleic acids research · 1996Article
- Cellular factors controlling the activity of woodchuck hepatitis virus enhancer II.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- Repression of enhancer II activity by a negative regulatory element in the hepatitis B virus genome.Journal of virology · 1994Article
- Binding of nuclear factors to functional domains of the duck hepatitis B virus enhancer.Journal of virology · 1993Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The second enhancer (enhancer II) of hepatitis B virus is functionally liver specific. Located within an open reading frame of the virus and immediately upstream of the initiation sites of viral major transcripts, enhancer II furnishes a unique model for use in investigating the structure and function of an enhancer. In this study, two functional constituents, a 23-bp box-alpha and a 12-bp box-beta, are identified as being both necessary and sufficient for enhancer II function. Examination of the box-alpha and box-beta sequences reveals a weak homology to the extended consensus for a C/EBP binding site. Gel shift and footprinting analyses indicate that multiple proteins bind to these sequences and thus are candidate transcription factors that mediate the enhancer function. One heat-resistant protein, protein a, and one heat-sensitive protein, protein b, bind to box-alpha. Protein a, which binds to box-alpha in a way indistinguishable from that seen with a recombinant C/EBP, appears not to be identical to C/EBP in that the binding of protein a requires a minimal sequence larger than the canonical C/EBP sites. Two box-beta-binding proteins, c and d, show greater affinity for the C/EBP consensus than for box-beta. However, both proteins c and d are relatively heat sensitive and display a distinct sequence preference from the recombinant C/EBP protein. Since the function of enhancer II is strictly dependent on a bipartite architecture, this system provides a unique model for studies of how the interactions of its binding proteins lead to the enhancer function.
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