SynthesisBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2009
Pain on injection with microemulsion propofol.
Synthesis in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04673500 (Comparison of Large Antecubital Vein Versus Small Vein on Dorsum of Hand for the Prevention of Propofol Injection Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Large Antecubital Vein Versus Small Vein on Dorsum of Hand for the Prevention of Propofol Injection Pain
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis and systematic review based on perioperative management of elderly patients: is ciprofol an alternative to propofol?European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Potential of ciprofol as an alternative to propofol in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosilate in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia for bronchoscopy. A randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Bispectral Index-Monitored Anesthesia Induction in Older Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery: Comparing Ciprofol and Propofol in a Prospective, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Prevention of injection pain due to propofol by dezocine: a comparison with lidocaine.Indian journal of pharmacologyTrial
- Incidence and predictors of postoperative recall of propofol injection pain: a prospective observational cohort pilot study.BJA open · 2026Article
- Characteristics that increase the risk for pain on propofol injection.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine Compared with Placebo and Other Medications for Preventing Propofol Injection Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Article
- Evaluation of Peripheral Versus Central Route of Ondansetron as Pretreatment to Prevent Pain on the Injection of Propofol: A Randomized Controlled Study.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Different Doses of Tenoxicam in Preventing Propofol Injection Pain.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of remimazolam besylate in bronchoscopy for adults: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled clinical study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Effects of preoperative anxiety levels and the D-type personality on propolol injection pain.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2022Article
- Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Administration Prior Anesthesia Induction With Propofol at 4°C Attenuates Propofol Injection Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Efficacy of ondansetron for the prevention of propofol injection pain: a meta-analysis.Journal of pain research · 2017Article
- Efficacy of methylprednisolone and lignocaine on propofol injection pain: A randomised, double-blind, prospective study in adult cardiac surgical patients.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2016Article
- Propofol emulsion-free drug concentration is similar between batches and stable over time.Romanian journal of anaesthesia and intensive care · 2016Article
- Dexmedetomidine versus ketamine infusion to alleviate propofol injection pain: A prospective randomized and double-blind study.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2015Article
- Synthesis and evaluation of hydroponically alginate nanoparticles as novel carrier for intravenous delivery of propofol.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2015Article
- Which one is more efficient on propofol 2% injection pain? Magnesium sulfate or ondansetron: A randomized clinical trial.Advanced biomedical research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo evaluate the incidence and severity of injection pain caused by microemulsion propofol and lipid emulsion propofol in relation to plasma bradykinin generation and aqueous free propofol concentrations.
methodsInjection pain was evaluated in 147 patients. Aqueous free propofol concentrations in each formulation, and in formulation mixtures containing agents that reduce propofol-induced pain, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma bradykinin concentrations in both formulations and in their components mixed with blood sampled from six volunteers were measured by radioimmunoassays. Injection pain caused by 8% polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate (PEG660 HS) was evaluated in another 10 volunteers.
resultsThe incidence of injection pain [visual analogue scale (VAS) >30 mm] caused by microemulsion and lipid emulsion propofol was 69.7 and 42.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. The median VAS scores for microemulsion and lipid emulsion propofol were 59 and 24 mm, respectively (95% confidence interval for the difference 12.5, 40.0). The aqueous free propofol concentration of microemulsion propofol was seven times higher than that of lipid emulsion propofol. Agents that reduce injection pain did not affect aqueous free propofol concentrations. Microemulsion propofol and 8% PEG660 HS enhanced plasma bradykinin generation, whereas lipid emulsion propofol and lipid solvent did not. PEG660 HS did not cause injection pain.
conclusionsHigher aqueous free propofol concentrations of microemulsion propofol produce more frequent and severe pain. The plasma kallikrein-kinin system may not be involved, and the agents that reduce injection pain may not act by decreasing aqueous free propofol concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.