SynthesisThe American journal on addictions
The inclusion of women and minorities in smoking cessation clinical trials: a systematic review.
Synthesis in The American journal on addictions. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do Tobacco Treatment Trials Address Disparities in Smoking Outcomes Among Black and Hispanic Cancer Patients? A Systematic Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Black and Hispanic Patients Diagnosed with Cancer.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Demographic Characteristics of Participants in Rheumatoid Arthritis Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Recruiting racially and ethnically diverse smokers seeking treatment: Lessons learned from a smoking cessation randomized clinical trial.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Enhancing tobacco quitline effectiveness: identifying a superior pharmacotherapy adjuvant.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Trial
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of oral selegiline hydrochloride for smoking cessation in nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2010Trial
- Representativeness of Electronic Referral to Smoking Treatment Trials in Adult Primary Care.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- A community-academic partnership to explore informational needs of African American women as a primer for cancer clinical trial recruitment.Ethnicity & health · 2019Article
- Learning and Action in Community Health: Using the Health Belief Model to Assess and Educate African American Community Residents about Participation in Clinical Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Stability of smoking status in the US population: a longitudinal investigation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2014Article
- Review
- Under-representation of minority ethnic groups in research--call for action.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2013Article
- Two decades of smoking cessation treatment research on smokers with depression: 1990-2010.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Review
- Changes in smoking for adults with and without alcohol and drug use disorders: longitudinal evaluation in the US population.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2013Article
- The cycle of bias in health research: a framework and toolbox for critical appraisal training.Accountability in research · 2013Article
- The relationship of dysthymia, minor depression, and gender to changes in smoking for current and former smokers: longitudinal evaluation in the U.S. population.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Article
- Attributes of researchers and their strategies to recruit minority populations: results of a national survey.Contemporary clinical trials · 2012Article
- Community engagement and the resource centers for minority aging research.The Gerontologist · 2011Article
- Racial differences in eligibility and enrollment in a smoking cessation clinical trial.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2011Article
- Inclusion of women and gender-specific analyses in randomized clinical trials of treatments for depression.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study assesses the impact of the 1993 NIH Revitalization Act on the inclusion and subgroup analysis of women and minorities in trials of FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Female representation, while commensurate with population levels, declined significantly for trials that began recruitment after 1993(M = 47.2% vs. M = 53.9%), and fewer than half reported analyses by gender. Minorities continued to be under-represented in later trials; however, significant improvement in representation (M = 16.1% vs. M = 10%) and analysis by race occurred. Industry-sponsored studies had lower minority representation than NIH funded studies. Recommendations are offered to improve subgroup analyses and minority inclusion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.