ReviewTrends in immunology2009
AMPed up immunity: how antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 524 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
524 citing papers in PubMed, 1,234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in ruminal lipopolysaccharide, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, blood variables, and microbiota in sheep with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation by polymyxin CP7.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Caerin 1.1/1.9 Inhibits Growth and Biofilm Formation of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Induces Coordinated Transcriptomic Stress Responses.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: From Ocean Biodiversity to Genome Mining, Multi-Omics Discovery, and Biotechnological Innovation in the Battle Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Dietary sublancin or oregano essential oil enhances growth and immunity in goat kids via modulating colonic microbiota and bile acids.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- Forensic application of CAMP expression for the determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Bilayer Permeabilization and the 'Sand-in-a-Gearbox' Mechanism for Membrane-Active Molecules: Which Is Which?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cytokine signalling in vaginal epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into epithelial immunity and inflammatory milieu in vulvovaginal candidiasis.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Peptide-Polymer Therapeutics for Cutaneous Infections and Inflammation: Mechanistic Basis, Delivery Design and Translational Considerations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Streptococcus salivarius CCFM1416 Modulates Oral Immunity via IL-17/IKBζ and Combats Candida albicans Infection.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Conserved innate immunity components limit transgene expression in adult planarians.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Evolution-driven terminal capping design in antimicrobial peptides revealed by combined experimental and MD simulation approaches.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Dual-Targeting Oligopeptide-215 Regulates Skin Barrier Homeostasis Through Concurrent Modulation of JAK-STAT and NF-κB Signaling.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
- What We Can Do in Infectious Keratitis, Except for Conventional Antimicrobial-Based Therapies: Major Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Review
- A Novel Method to Monitor the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Host Defense Antimicrobial Peptides (HDPs) as Regulators of Hemostasis and Vascular Biology.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- α2-macroglobulin function of thioester-containing proteins guardsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
464 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely expressed and rapidly induced at epithelial surfaces to repel assault from diverse infectious agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Much information suggests that AMPs act by mechanisms that extend beyond their capacity to serve as gene-encoded antibiotics. For example, some AMPs alter the properties of the mammalian membrane or interact with its receptors to influence diverse cellular processes including cytokine release, chemotaxis, antigen presentation, angiogenesis and wound healing. These functions complement their antimicrobial action and favor resolution of infection and repair of damaged epithelia. Opposing this, some microbes have evolved mechanisms to inactivate or avoid AMPs and subsequently become pathogens. Thus, AMPs are multifunctional molecules that have a central role in infection and inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.