ArticleBMC infectious diseases2009
Human Papillomaviruses and genital co-infections in gynaecological outpatients.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- The correlation between vaginal pathogens and high-risk human papilloma virus infection: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Association between human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis infection risk in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2019Pooled it
- Cervical Cancer Induction Enhancement Potential of Chlamydia Trachomatis: A Systematic Review.Current microbiology · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bacterial vaginosis is associated with uterine cervical human papillomavirus infection: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2011Pooled it
- Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Genitourinary Co-Infections withJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical epidemiology and associations between HPV infection and vaginal infections in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Interactions of Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among couples.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Vaginal Microbiota and Local Immunity in HPV-Induced High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Other Sexually Transmitted Pathogens in Cervical and Self-Collected Specimens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High frequency of sexually transmitted infections in patients with precancerous cervical lesions in Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of crosstalk between the oropharyngeal microbiome and human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal carcinogenesis: a mini review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Cervical HPV Infections, Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and Cytology Findings-A Molecular Epidemiology Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- When Bacteria and Viruses Collide: A Tale ofViruses · 2023Review
- The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Prevalence of coinfections in a cross-sectional cohort of women screened for multiple pathogens in Peru.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiome and Cancerogenesis: A Review Story of Bacteria, Hormones, and Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Updates on Group BMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Common Microbial Genital Infections and Their Impact on the Innate Immune Response to HPV in Cervical Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Co-infection of human papillomavirus and other sexually transmitted bacteria in cervical cancer patients in the Philippines.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh grade HPV infections and persistence are the strongest risk factors for cervical cancer. Nevertheless other genital microorganisms may be involved in the progression of HPV associated lesions.
methodsCervical samples were collected to search for human Papillomavirus (HPV), bacteria and yeast infections in gynaecologic outpatients. HPV typing was carried out by PCR and sequencing on cervical brush specimens. Chlamydia trachomatis was identified by strand displacement amplification (SDA) and the other microorganisms were detected by conventional methods.
resultsIn this cross-sectional study on 857 enrolled outpatients, statistical analyses revealed a significant association of HPV with C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (at high density) detection, whereas no correlation was found between HPV infection and bacterial vaginosis, Streptococcus agalactiae, yeasts, Trichomonas vaginalis and U. urealyticum. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated only in a few cases both in HPV positive and negative women and no patient was infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
conclusionAlthough bacterial vaginosis was not significantly associated with HPV, it was more common among the HPV positive women. A significant association between HPV and C. trachomatis was found and interestingly also with U. urealyticum but only at a high colonization rate. These data suggest that it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of different microorganisms which may have synergistic pathological effects.
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