ReviewImmunologic research2009
Two pathways of costimulation through CD28.
Review in Immunologic research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ZFP36 Family as Post-Transcriptional Regulators in Physiology and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cre-dependent gene expression enables thymic development of autoreactive tumor-associated antigen targeting CAR-T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- CAR-T cell potency: from structural elements to vector backbone components.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- The emerging role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and its implications for therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Molecular and Functional Analyses of the Primordial Costimulatory Molecule CD80/86 and Its Receptors CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4) in a Teleost Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Suppression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2019Review
- Toward Small-Molecule Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions: General Aspects and Recent Progress in Targeting Costimulatory and Coinhibitory (Immune Checkpoint) Interactions.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2018Review
- RNA stability regulates human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gene expression in chronically-infected CD4 T cells.Virology · 2017Article
- Scrutinizing calcium flux oscillations in T lymphocytes to deduce the strength of stimulus.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- CD28 co-stimulation in T-cell homeostasis: a recent perspective.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2015Review
- The Role of PKC-θ in CD4+ T Cells and HIV Infection: To the Nucleus and Back Again.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Article
- PKC-theta-mediated signal delivery from the TCR/CD28 surface receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- A motif in the V3 domain of the kinase PKC-θ determines its localization in the immunological synapse and functions in T cells via association with CD28.Nature immunology · 2011Article
- Intrinsic and extrinsic control of peripheral T-cell tolerance by costimulatory molecules of the CD28/ B7 family.Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- Predicting cytotoxic T-cell age from multivariate analysis of static and dynamic biomarkers.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2011Article
- An enigmatic tail of CD28 signaling.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2010Review
- Immunology at the university of Rochester.Immunologic research · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CD28 is recognized as the primary costimulatory molecule involved in the activation of naïve T cells. However, the biochemical signaling pathways that are activated by CD28 and how these pathways are integrated with TCR signaling are still not understood. We have recently shown that there are at least two independent activation pathways induced by CD28 costimulation. One is integrated with TCR signaling in the context of the immunological synapse and is mediated through transcriptional enhancement and the second is mediated through the induction of mRNA stability. Here, we review the immunological consequences and biochemical mechanisms associated with CD28 costimulation and discuss the major questions that need to be resolved to understand the molecular mechanisms that transduce CD28 costimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.