ArticlePloS one2009
A look back at an ongoing problem: Shigella dysenteriae type 1 epidemics in refugee settings in Central Africa (1993-1995).
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shigella-Controlled Human Infection Models: Current and Future Perspectives.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- Characterization of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Shigella from patients in the southern region of Iran.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Trends in antimicrobial resistance ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2023Article
- The changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Australia, 2001-2019.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Genomic and proteomic characterization of two strains of Shigella flexneri 2 isolated from infants' stool samples in Argentina.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Isolation, phenotypic characterization and comparative genomic analysis of 2019SD1, a polyvalent enterobacteria phage.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Newly Emerged Serotype 1c ofGenes · 2020Article
- Article
- A NovelmSphere · 2018Article
- A Brief History ofEcoSal Plus · 2018Review
- Resistant Shigella strains in refugees, August-October 2015, Greece.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Shigella Diversity and Changing Landscape: Insights for the Twenty-First Century.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Characterization of a novel fusion protein from IpaB and IpaD of Shigella spp. and its potential as a pan-Shigella vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Shigellosis update: advancing antibiotic resistance, investment empowered vaccine development, and green bananas.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundShigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) is a cause of major dysentery outbreaks, particularly among children and displaced populations in tropical countries. Although outbreaks continue, the characteristics of such outbreaks have rarely been documented. Here, we describe the Sd1 outbreaks occurring between 1993 and 1995 in 11 refugee settlements in Rwanda, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We also explored the links between the different types of the camps and the magnitude of the outbreaks. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsNumber of cases of bloody diarrhea and deaths were collected on a weekly basis in 11 refugee camps, and analyzed retrospectively. Between November 1993 and February 1995, 181,921 cases of bloody diarrhea were reported. Attack rates ranged from 6.3% to 39.1% and case fatality ratios (CFRs) from 1.5% to 9.0% (available for 5 camps). The CFRs were higher in children under age 5. In Tanzania where the response was rapidly deployed, the mean attack rate was lower than in camps in the region of Goma without an immediate response (13.3% versus 32.1% respectively). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This description, and the areas where data is missing, highlight both the importance of collecting data in future epidemics, difficulties in documenting outbreaks occurring in complex emergencies and most importantly, the need to assure that minimal requirements are met.
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