ArticleNature protocols2009
Spheroid-based drug screen: considerations and practical approach.
Article in Nature protocols, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 765 papers.
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Who cites it
765 citing papers in PubMed, 1,670 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A Hybrid Bioprinting-Microfabrication Approach to Controllable Multitype Spheroid Arrays for Modeling Tumor Heterogeneity.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Ferritin-Based Nanomotors for Deep Glioblastoma Penetration and Enhanced Drug Delivery.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Protocol for paired isolation and characterization of migrating cancer cell subpopulations in 3D hypoxic microenvironments.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Broadband backscattering confocal microscopy enables label-free 3D live cell nanoscale sensitive imaging.Science advances · 2026Article
- Overcoming Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Targeting Cell Cycle Progression with Narciclasine-Based Compounds.ACS omega · 2026Article
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- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- DUSP12 Regulates NAT10-Mediated RNA Acetylation to Modulate DNA Repair and Therapeutic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.MedComm · 2026Article
- Radiomics analysis of 3D spheroids captures irradiation-induced structural and textural changes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Cytotongue system enables early, label-free detection of CAR-T-induced mechanical softening in tumor spheroids.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Lung tumour secretome and extracellular vesicles: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond DNA damage: 3D tumor models and the integrin mechanobiology of radioresistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Composite Liquid Marble Templated Millimetric Capsule With Tunable Rigidity, Porosity, and Thermal Reconfigurability Toward 3D Cell Culture.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Cellular Micro-Compartments to Model Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Dormancy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- From inserts to 3D spheroids: MAC-T and BME-UV1 co-culture models for in vitro reconstruction of the bovine mammary epithelial architecture.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- 3D-Printed Structures Versus Drilled Cavities: A Comparison of Microconfinement Methods for Rheological Characterisation of Multicellular Aggregates.Journal of molecular recognition : JMR · 2026Article
705 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although used in academic research for several decades, 3D culture models have long been regarded expensive, cumbersome and unnecessary in drug development processes. Technical advances, coupled with recent observations showing that gene expression in 3D is much closer to clinical expression profiles than those seen in 2D, have renewed attention and generated hope in the feasibility of maturing organotypic 3D systems to therapy test platforms with greater power to predict clinical efficacies. Here we describe a standardized setup for reproducible, easy-handling culture, treatment and routine analysis of multicellular spheroids, the classical 3D culture system resembling many aspects of the pathophysiological situation in human tumor tissue. We discuss essential conceptual and practical considerations for an adequate establishment and use of spheroid-based drug screening platforms and also provide a list of human carcinoma cell lines, partly on the basis of the NCI-DTP 60-cell line screen, that produce treatable spheroids under identical culture conditions. In contrast to many other settings with which to achieve similar results, the protocol is particularly useful to be integrated into standardized large-scale drug test routines as it requires a minimum number of defined spheroids and a limited amount of drug. The estimated time to run the complete screening protocol described herein--including spheroid initiation, drug treatment and determination of the analytical end points (spheroid integrity, and cell survival through the acid phosphatase assay)--is about 170 h. Monitoring of spheroid growth kinetics to determine growth delay and regrowth, respectively, after drug treatment requires long-term culturing (> or =14 d).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.