ArticleThorax2009
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in induced sputum and bronchial mucosa in asthma and COPD.
Article in Thorax, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Using the nose as a factory to secrete proteins into the lungs or circulation.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Boron Nitride Nanomaterials Trigger Immunomodulatory Effects in Human Broncho-Epithelial Cells by Modulating Eicosanoid Lipid Signaling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A translational view of airway epithelial dysfunction in COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Omalizumab is ineffective in regulating proasthmatic serum cytokine and chemokine levels in nonresponders with high BMI.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Asthma Biologics Across the T2 Spectrum of Inflammation in Severe Asthma: Biomarkers and Mechanism of Action.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Review
- Promoting immune defensive responses of epithelial cells in airway disease.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Chemical respiratory sensitization-Current status of mechanistic understanding, knowledge gaps and possible identification methods of sensitizers.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Autoantibodies targeting interferons and GM-CSF are associated with adverse outcome risk, comorbidities, and pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Adiponectin Increase in Patients Affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Overlap of Bronchiectasis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Autocrine motility factor receptor as a therapeutic target for asthma: comments on 'AMFR drives allergic asthma development by promoting alveolar macrophage-derived GM-CSF production'.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2022Article
- An exploratory study investigating biomarkers associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP).Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers in bronchial asthma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2022Article
- IgE-dependent human basophil responses are inversely associated with the sarcoplasmic reticulum CaFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Altered Differentiation and Inflammation Profiles Contribute to Enhanced Innate Responses in Severe COPD Epithelium to Rhinovirus Infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of cannabis oil extract on immune response gene expression in human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEpC): implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Journal of cannabis research · 2020Article
- Neutrophil GM-CSF receptor dynamics in acute lung injury.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Article
- Evaluation and Interpretation of Transcriptome Data Underlying Heterogeneous Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Genomics & informatics · 2019Article
- Type 3 ILCs in Lung Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Role of the β Common (βc) Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been implicated as an important mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the expression of GM-CSF and its receptor in airway samples in asthma and COPD across disease severity needs to be further defined.
methodsSputum GM-CSF was measured in 18 control subjects, 45 subjects with asthma and 47 subjects with COPD. Enumeration of GM-CSF+ cells in the bronchial submucosa and airway smooth muscle bundle was performed in 29 control subjects, 36 subjects with asthma and 10 subjects with COPD.
resultsThe proportion of subjects with measurable GM-CSF in the sputum was raised in those with moderate (7/14) and severe (11/18) asthma, and in those with COPD GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stage II (7/16), III (8/17) and IV (7/14) compared with controls (1/18) and those with mild asthma (0/13); p = 0.001. The sputum GM-CSF concentration was correlated with the sputum eosinophilia in subjects with moderate to severe asthma (r(s) = 0.41; p = 0.018). The median (interquartile range) GM-CSF+ and GM-CSFR+ cells/mm(2) of submucosa was increased in severe asthma (1.4 (3.0) and 2.1 (8.4)) compared with those with mild to moderate asthma (0 (2.5) and 1.1 (5)) and healthy controls (0 (0.5) and 0 (1.6)), (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively).
conclusionsThe findings support a potential role for GM-CSF in asthma and COPD and suggest that overexpression of GM-CSF in sputum and the bronchial mucosa is a particular feature of severe asthma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.