ReviewNeuroimmunomodulation2009
Sex hormones and modulation of immunity against leishmaniasis.
Review in Neuroimmunomodulation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender disparity in cases enrolled in clinical trials of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of statins on testosterone in men and women, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Sire risk factors for vertical transmission of Leishmania infantum by the dam.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Impact of maternal visceral leishmaniasis on sex-specific immune responses and pathogenesis in offspring following homologous infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) regulates IL-17A-mediated immunity toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Transcriptome profiling of L. infantum-infected human macrophages reveals sex-specific type I interferon induction.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex-biases in Kinetoplastid Infections: Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The impact of probiotic administration in vivo on peritoneal mouse macrophages infected by Leishmania amazonensis ex vivo.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- An epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya, between 2018 and 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- [Sex in infectious diseases-How sex differences influence the immune response to infections].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Surveillance of leishmaniasis cases from 15 European centres, 2014 to 2019: a retrospective analysis.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Presence of Senescent and Memory CD8+ Leukocytes as Immunocenescence Markers in Skin Lesions of Elderly Leprosy Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Infection in the Developing Brain: The Role of Unique Systemic Immune Vulnerabilities.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Interleukin-4 Responsive Dendritic Cells Are Dispensable to Host Resistance AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Precision Medicine in Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Rabies Vaccination of 6-Week-Old Puppies Born to Immunized Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a High-Mortality Population of Owned, Free-Roaming Dogs.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Level of circulating steroid hormones in malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case control study.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex-associated hormones such as estradiol, testosterone and progesterone have all been shown to modulate immune responses, which can result in differential disease outcomes between males and females, as well as between pregnant and nonpregnant females. Most parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis, usually result in more severe disease in males compared with females. This review highlights our current knowledge concerning the role of sex hormones in modulating leishmaniasis in both clinical settings and experimental disease models.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.