ArticleNeuro-oncology2009
Characterization and immunotherapeutic potential of gammadelta T-cells in patients with glioblastoma.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glioblastoma cells potentiate the induction of the Th1-like profile in phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T lymphocytes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Blood-Based Biomarkers for Glioma in the Context of Gliomagenesis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Viscoelastic Niches Shape γδ T-Cell Phenotype and Effector Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and genes: Potential markers for glioblastoma prognosis and treatment.PloS one · 2025Article
- A GD (Gamma-Delta) type of cancel culture.Immuno-oncology technology · 2024Review
- Adoptive cell therapy for high grade gliomas using simultaneous temozolomide and intracranial mgmt-modified γδ t cells following standard post-resection chemotherapy and radiotherapy: current strategy and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- B7H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor modification enhances antitumor effect of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Classification and function of γδT cells and its research progress in anti-glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2023Review
- Exploiting radiation immunostimulatory effects to improve glioblastoma outcome.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- γδ T cells as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- TMIGD2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Adoptive Cell Therapy for T-Cell Malignancies.Cancers · 2022Review
- Immune tumoral microenvironment in gliomas: focus on CD3Immunologic research · 2022Article
- Current Understanding of Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Its Response to Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-181a restricts human γδ T cell differentiation by targeting Map3k2 and Notch2.EMBO reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Classical immunotherapeutic approaches to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown mixed results, and therapies focused on innate lymphocyte activity against GBM have not been rigorously evaluated. We examined peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype, gammadelta T-cell number, mitogenic response, and cytotoxicity against GBM cell lines and primary tumor explants from GBM patients at selected time points prior to and during GBM therapy. Healthy volunteers served as controls and were grouped by age. T-cell infiltration of tumors from these patients was assessed by staining for CD3 and T-cell receptor gammadelta. Our findings revealed no differences in counts of mean absolute T-cells, T-cell subsets CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+, and natural killer cells from healthy volunteers and patients prior to and immediately after GBM resection. In contrast, gammadelta T-cell counts and mitogen-stimulated proliferative response of gammadelta T-cells were markedly decreased prior to GBM resection and throughout therapy. Expanded/activated gammadelta T-cells from both patients and healthy volunteers kill GBM cell lines D54, U373, and U251, as well as primary GBM, without cytotoxicity to primary astrocyte cultures. Perivascular T-cell accumulation was noted in paraffin sections, but no organized T-cell invasion of the tumor parenchyma was seen. Taken together, these data suggest that gammadelta T-cell depletion and impaired function occur prior to or concurrent with the growth of the tumor. The significant cytotoxicity of expanded/activated gammadelta T-cells from both healthy controls and selected patients against primary GBM explants may open a previously unexplored approach to cellular immunotherapy of GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.