ArticleJournal of virology2009
Human immunodeficiency virus integrates directly into naive resting CD4+ T cells but enters naive cells less efficiently than memory cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A dichotomy in cortical actin and chemotactic actin activity between human memory and naive T cells contributes to their differential susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
- Quantification and localization of integrated HIV-1 in memory and naïve CD4+ T cells from adolescents and young adults with perinatally-acquired HIV-1.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Direct visualization of HIV-1 core nuclear import and its interplay with the nuclear pore.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- HIV-1 nuclear import is selective and depends on both capsid elasticity and nuclear pore adaptability.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Divergent populations of HIV-infected naive and memory CD4+ T cell clones in children on antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Promoter Methylation of HIV Coreceptor-Related Genes CCR5 and CXCR4: Original Research.Viruses · 2025Article
- The Complex Dysregulations of CD4 T Cell Subtypes in HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immune targeting of HIV-1 reservoir cells: a path to elimination strategies and cure.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Quantitative and Qualitative Distinctions between HIV-1 and SIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV-1 Cure-Related Studies.Viruses · 2024Review
- ISG15-LFA1 interactions in latent HIV clearance: mechanistic implications in designing antiviral therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- A high-throughput screening assay for silencing established HIV-1 macrophage infection identifies nucleoside analogs that perturb H3K9me3 on proviral genomes.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Exposure to Secreted Bacterial Factors Promotes HIV-1 Replication in CD4Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Landscape of HIV-1 Infection in Primary Human Macrophage.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Naive infection predicts reservoir diversity and is a formidable hurdle to HIV eradication.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Addressing an HIV cure in LMIC.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Article
- Factors that mold the nuclear landscape of HIV-1 integration.Nucleic acids research · 2021Review
- Relationship between CD4 T cell turnover, cellular differentiation and HIV persistence during ART.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Persistence of an intact HIV reservoir in phenotypically naive T cells.JCI insight · 2020Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resting CD4(+) T cells restrict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at or before reverse transcription, resulting in slower kinetics of reverse transcription. In a previous study, we showed that, despite this restriction at reverse transcription, HIV integration occurs in resting CD4(+) T cells, albeit with slower kinetics. In that study, the resting T cells were a mixture of memory and naïve cells. Here we asked whether the more quiescent naïve cell subset could be directly infected by HIV and, if so, whether the level of integration in naïve cells was comparable to that in memory cells. We found that HIV integrates in the naïve subset of resting CD4(+) T cells without prior activation of the cells. The level of integration (proviruses/cell) in naïve cells was lower than that in memory cells. This difference between naïve and memory cells was observed whether we inoculated the cells with R5 or X4 HIV and could not be explained solely by differences in coreceptor expression. The presence of endogenous dendritic cells did not change the number of proviruses/cell in memory or naïve cells, and deoxynucleoside pools were equally limiting. Our results instead indicate the existence of a novel restriction point in naïve T cells at viral fusion that results in reduced levels of fusion to naïve CD4(+) T cells. We conclude that HIV can integrate into both naïve and memory cells directly. Our data further support our hypothesis that integrated proviral infection of resting T cells can be established without T-cell activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.