ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2009
Quantification of plasmid DNA copies in the nucleus after lipoplex and polyplex transfection.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming the nuclear barrier in nonviral gene therapy: mechanisms, carrier design, and translational perspectives on NLS peptide and DNA targeting sequence strategies.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- S-SELeCT: a human-evolved serine integrase system for efficient large-cargo genome integration.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Enhanced transcriptional insulation of lentiviral vectors using "sequence-upgraded polyA long terminal repeats" or "supA-LTRs".Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Highly efficient expression of DNA-peptide conjugates in growth-arrested cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Unique DNA impacts on transient Expi293Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Development and application of a TaqMan probe-based pentaplex qPCR for the rapid detection and differential identification of five pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Spatial Chromatin Organization Across the Cell Cycle: Insights from Auxin-Inducible Protein Depletion.Cells · 2025Review
- A novel TaqMan probe-based pentaplex qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of five pathogenic protozoans.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risks of replication-competent retro/lentivirus from associated vector systems: Is it time for a roadmap toward reduced testing?Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- Genome-replicating HC-AdV: A novel high-capacity adenoviral vector class featuring enhancedMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Subnuclear organization and mislocalization of plasmids reduce transgene expression.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- The strategies and advances of mRNA translation booster.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Tunable, proteolytic dosage control of CRISPR-Cas systems enables precise gene therapy for dosage sensitive disorders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Electroporation- and Liposome-Mediated Co-Transfection of Single and Multiple Plasmids.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Model-guided design of microRNA-based gene circuits supports precise dosage of transgenic cargoes into diverse primary cells.Cell systems · 2025Article
- Polymer Nano-Carrier-Mediated Gene Delivery: Visualizing and Quantifying DNA Encapsulation Using dSTORM.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Spatial Distribution of Lipophilic Cations in Gradient Copolymers Regulates Polymer-pDNA Complexation, Polyplex Aggregation, and Intracellular pDNA Delivery.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- BEAM: A combinatorial recombinase toolbox for binary gene expression and mosaic genetic analysis.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The intracellular visualization of exogenous DNA in fluorescence microscopy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nuclear uptake of plasmid DNA is one of the many cellular barriers that limit the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems. We have determined the number of plasmids that reach the nucleus of a transfected cell using an internally standardized quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. We isolated nuclei using two different protocols: a density gradient technique and a detergent-based method. The density gradient procedure yielded nuclei with substantially less adhering plasmids on the outside of the nuclei. Using the density gradient protocol we determined that cells transfected with Lipofectamine lipoplexes or polyethylenimine polyplexes contained between 75 and 50,000 plasmids/nucleus, depending on the applied plasmid dose. Any increase above 3000 plasmids/nucleus resulted in only marginal increases in transgene expression. Furthermore, lipoplex-delivered plasmids were more efficiently expressed, on the basis of protein expression per plasmid number in the nucleus, than polyplex-delivered plasmids. This indicates that polymer may remain bound to some plasmids in the nucleus. Lastly, by sorting transfected cells into high- and low-expressing sub-populations, we observe that a sub-population of cells contain 3x greater plasmids/nucleus but express nearly 100x more transgene than other cells within a single transfection reaction. Taken together these results suggest the importance of considering the processes downstream from nuclear entry for strategies to improve the efficiency of gene transfer reagents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.