ArticleRetrovirology2009
Destabilization of the TAR hairpin leads to extension of the polyA hairpin and inhibition of HIV-1 polyadenylation.
Article in Retrovirology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of TAR hairpin stabilization on HIV-1 reverse transcription.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Role of RNA structural plasticity in modulating HIV-1 genome packaging and translation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- HIV co-opts a cellular antiviral mechanism, activation of stress kinase PKR by its RNA, to enable splicing of rev/tat mRNA.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- The bifurcated stem loop 4 (SL4) is crucial for efficient packaging of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) genomic RNA.RNA biology · 2018Article
- APOBEC3G inhibits HIV-1 RNA elongation by inactivating the viral trans-activation response element.Journal of molecular biology · 2014Article
- Putting an 'End' to HIV mRNAs: capping and polyadenylation as potential therapeutic targets.AIDS research and therapy · 2013Article
- Comparison of SIV and HIV-1 genomic RNA structures reveals impact of sequence evolution on conserved and non-conserved structural motifs.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Opening of the TAR hairpin in the HIV-1 genome causes aberrant RNA dimerization and packaging.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Article
- The HIV-1 Tat protein has a versatile role in activating viral transcription.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- HIV-1 evolution: frustrating therapies, but disclosing molecular mechanisms.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2010Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTwo hairpin structures that are present at both the 5' and 3' end of the HIV-1 RNA genome have important functions in the viral life cycle. The TAR hairpin binds the viral Tat protein and is essential for Tat-mediated activation of transcription. The adjacent polyA hairpin encompasses the polyadenylation signal AAUAAA and is important for the regulation of polyadenylation. Specifically, this RNA structure represses polyadenylation at the 5' side, and enhancer elements on the 3' side overcome this suppression. We recently described that the replication of an HIV-1 variant that does not need TAR for transcription was severely impaired by destabilization of the TAR hairpin, even though a complete TAR deletion was acceptable.
resultsIn this study, we show that the TAR-destabilizing mutations result in reduced 3' polyadenylation of the viral transcripts due to an extension of the adjacent polyA hairpin. Thus, although the TAR hairpin is not directly involved in polyadenylation, mutations in TAR can affect this process.
conclusionThe stability of the HIV-1 TAR hairpin structure is important for the proper folding of the viral RNA transcripts. This study illustrates how mutations that are designed to study the function of a specific RNA structure can change the structural presentation of other RNA domains and thus affect viral replication in an indirect way.
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