Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19208682›Full record

ArticleGenome research2009

The dynamic DNA methylomes of double-stranded DNA viruses associated with human cancer.

Agustin F Fernandez, Cecilia Rosales, Pilar Lopez-Nieva, Osvaldo Graña, Esteban Ballestar, Santiago Ropero, Jesus Espada, Sonia A Melo, Amaia Lujambio, Mario F Fraga and 30 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed, 255 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  6. Article
  7. The ageing virus hypothesis: Epigenetic ageing beyond the Tree of Life.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  8. The GC% landscape of the Nucleocytoviricota.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Review

66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors at 15 institutions in 6 countries.

Agustin F FernandezCancer Epigenetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain.
Cecilia Rosales
Pilar Lopez-Nieva
Osvaldo Graña
Esteban Ballestar
Santiago Ropero
Jesus Espada
Sonia A Melo
Amaia Lujambio
Mario F Fraga
Irene Pino
Biola Javierre
Francisco J Carmona
Francesco Acquadro
Renske D M Steenbergen
Peter J F Snijders
Chris J Meijer
Pascal Pineau
Anne Dejean
Belen Lloveras
Gabriel Capella
Josep Quer
Maria Buti
Juan-Ignacio Esteban
Helena Allende
Francisco Rodriguez-Frias
Xavier Castellsague
Janos Minarovits
Jordi Ponce
Daniela Capello
Gianluca Gaidano
Juan Cruz Cigudosa
Gonzalo Gomez-Lopez
David G Pisano
Alfonso Valencia
Miguel Angel Piris
Francesc X Bosch
Ellen Cahir-McFarland
Elliott Kieff
Manel Esteller
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre · ESInstitut Català d'Ornitologia · ESUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona · ESVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NLInserm · FRInstitut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge · ESUniversità degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” · ITBellvitge University Hospital · ESBrigham and Women's Hospital · USCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red · ESHarvard University · USInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats · ESNational Center for Epidemiology · HUUniversity Hospital Complex Of Vigo · ESVall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The natural history of cancers associated with virus exposure is intriguing, since only a minority of human tissues infected with these viruses inevitably progress to cancer. However, the molecular reasons why the infection is controlled or instead progresses to subsequent stages of tumorigenesis are largely unknown. In this article, we provide the first complete DNA methylomes of double-stranded DNA viruses associated with human cancer that might provide important clues to help us understand the described process. Using bisulfite genomic sequencing of multiple clones, we have obtained the DNA methylation status of every CpG dinucleotide in the genome of the Human Papilloma Viruses 16 and 18 and Human Hepatitis B Virus, and in all the transcription start sites of the Epstein-Barr Virus. These viruses are associated with infectious diseases (such as hepatitis B and infectious mononucleosis) and the development of human tumors (cervical, hepatic, and nasopharyngeal cancers, and lymphoma), and are responsible for 1 million deaths worldwide every year. The DNA methylomes presented provide evidence of the dynamic nature of the epigenome in contrast to the genome. We observed that the DNA methylome of these viruses evolves from an unmethylated to a highly methylated genome in association with the progression of the disease, from asymptomatic healthy carriers, through chronically infected tissues and pre-malignant lesions, to the full-blown invasive tumor. The observed DNA methylation changes have a major functional impact on the biological behavior of the viruses.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationGenome, ViralCells, CulturedCell Transformation, ViralChromosome MappingDNA, ViralDNA VirusesFemaleHeLa CellsHepatitis B virusHerpesvirus 4, HumanHuman papillomavirus 16Human papillomavirus 18HumansNeoplasmsDNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID19208682
PMCPMC2661803
OpenAlexW2149838021

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.