SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2009
Walking for prevention of cardiovascular disease in men and women: a systematic review of observational studies.
Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review.Clinical therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention interventions targeting lifestyle risk factors in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Passive Simulated Jogging on Parameters of Explosive Handgrip in Nondiabetics and Type 2 Diabetics: A Single Arm Study.BioMed research international · 2022Trial
- Effect of 6-week retro or forward walking program on pain, functional disability, quadriceps muscle strength, and performance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial (retro-walking trial).BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Trial
- Maintaining high activity levels in sedentary adults with a reinforcement-thinning schedule.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2014Trial
- Daily Walking and Mortality in Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse U.S. Adults.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms.GeroScience · 2023Review
- The longitudinal effects of the built environment on transportation and recreational walking, and differences by age and sex: systematic review protocol.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and its association with stroke and stroke risk factors: A literature review.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Review
- Exercise-Induced Myokines can Explain the Importance of Physical Activity in the Elderly: An Overview.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Group Outdoor Health Walks Using Activity Trackers: Measurement and Implementation Insight from a Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Volume and Intensity of Stepping Activity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Multi-ethnic Asian Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Setting Housing Standards to Improve Global Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Accelerometry-Assessed Latent Class Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mortality.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Article
- Associations of Accelerometry-Assessed and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Cellular telephone use during free-living walking significantly reduces average walking speed.BMC research notes · 2016Article
- Health Benefits of Daily Walking on Mortality Among Younger-Elderly Men With or Without Major Critical Diseases in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
- Built environment and physical activity for transportation in adults from Curitiba, Brazil.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2014Article
- Article
- Effects of walking on medical cost: A quantitative evaluation by simulation focusing on diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this systematic review, walking (a generally accessible activity for a largely sedentary population) was assessed as a preventive risk factor for development of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD). PubMed, CINHAL and reference list searches identified 21 peer-reviewed publications examining walking in relation to CVD; studies assessing active transportation were excluded. Generally, there were dose-dependent reductions in CVD risk with higher walking duration, distance, energy expenditure and pace. Associations appeared to be stronger for ischaemic stroke than other CVD outcomes such as coronary heart disease or haemorrhagic stroke. Adjustment for clinical CVD risk factors, obesity or other types of physical activity generally attenuated but did not eliminate associations. Because functional status may be an important determinant of walking behaviour in adults, potential bias due to pre-existing illness is of concern in all studies reviewed, particularly in case-control studies which ascertain walking retrospectively and yielded the strongest associations. Study findings were consistent with current physical activity recommendations, but there is a need for improvements in measurement of walking and other CVD risk factors, more thorough control for pre-existing illness, examination of mediating or moderating conditions such as obesity and other analytical issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.