ArticleNeurology2009
Increased striatal dopamine (D2/D3) receptor availability and delusions in Alzheimer disease.
Article in Neurology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimaging Findings of Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Brain mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of symptom-general and -specific lesion patterns.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2021Pooled it
- Establishing test-retest reliability of an adapted [(18)F]fallypride imaging protocol in older people.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2013Trial
- Recommendations for management and future investigation of psychosis in neurodegenerative disease: Findings from the International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) working group.International psychogeriatrics · 2025Review
- Exploring Potential Medications for Alzheimer's Disease with Psychosis by Integrating Drug Target Information into Deep Learning Models: A Data-Driven Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Monoamine alterations in Alzheimer's disease and their implications in comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms (BPSD) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Development and Treatment.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Brexpiprazole: A new option in treating agitation in Alzheimer's dementia-Insights from transgenic mouse models.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- Restless leg syndrome and risk of all-cause dementia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Accelerated atrophy in dopaminergic targets and medial temporo-parietal regions precedes the onset of delusions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis and Personalized Interventions for Pharmacological Treatment-Resistant Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Psychosis in Alzheimer disease - mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Psychosis as a Treatment Target in Dementia: A Roadmap for Designing Interventions.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Review
- In vivo human molecular neuroimaging of dopaminergic vulnerability along the Alzheimer's disease phases.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
- Dopaminergic dysfunction in the 3xTg-AD mice model of Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Alterations in dopamine system and in its connectivity with serotonin in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.Brain communications · 2021Article
- Animal Models of Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2020Review
- White matter hyperintensities and neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety and Incident Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Delusions in Alzheimer Disease: What Researchers Should Not Forget.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDysfunction within corticostriatal dopaminergic neurocircuitry has been implicated in neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the symptom domains delusions and apathy would be associated with striatal dopamine (D2) receptor function in AD.
methodsIn vivo dopamine (D2/D3) receptor availability was determined with [(11)C]raclopride (RAC) PET in 23 patients with mild and moderate probable AD. Behavioral symptoms were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Apathy Inventory. Imaging data were analyzed using a region-of-interest approach. The potential confounding effects of age, sex, and disease stage were explored using a linear mixed model. Correlational and independent samples comparisons were used to examine the relationship between behavioral and binding potential (BP(ND)) measures.
resultsMean [(11)C]RAC BP(ND) was higher in patients with delusions (n = 7; 5 men) than in patients without delusions (n = 16; 6 men) (p = 0.006). When women were excluded from the analysis, [(11)C]RAC BP(ND) was higher in men with delusions than in men without delusions (p = 0.05). Apathy measures showed no association with [(11)C]RAC BP(ND).
conclusionsStriatal dopamine (D2/D3) receptor availability is increased in Alzheimer disease patients with delusions, to an extent comparable to that observed in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Whether this represents up-regulation of dopamine (D2) or possibly dopamine (D3) receptors and how this relates to responsivity of the striatal dopaminergic system merit further exploration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.