ArticleArchives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)2009
Is the incidence of infantile esotropia declining?: a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1965 to 1994.
Article in Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.Survey of ophthalmologyPooled it
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The incidence, clinical features, and management of essential infantile esotropia in the United Kingdom. A British Ophthalmology Surveillance Unit (BOSU) study.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Strabismus Surgery for Esotropia, Down Syndrome and Developmental Delay; Is an Altered Surgical Dose Required? A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2020Review
- Long-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin in Large-Angle Infantile Esotropia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- The atrophy of white and gray matter volume in patients with comitant strabismus: Evidence from a voxel-based morphometry study.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Infantile esotropia: risk factors associated with reoperation.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Article
- Adaptation of slow myofibers: the effect of sustained BDNF treatment of extraocular muscles in infant nonhuman primates.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
- Effects of the sustained release of IGF-1 on extraocular muscle of the infant non-human primate: adaptations at the effector organ level.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Article
- Longitudinal changes in refractive error of children with infantile esotropia.Eye (London, England) · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the incidence of infantile esotropia from a defined population in the United States over a 30-year period. Recent reports from the United Kingdom have suggested that strabismus or strabismus surgery is occurring less frequently today than in previous years.
methodsThe medical records of all patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia within Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1965, through December 31, 1994, were retrospectively reviewed.
resultsThe birth prevalence of infantile esotropia during the 30-year period was 25 (95% confidence interval, 21-29) per 10 000, or 1 in 403 live births. Although there were slightly more cases of infantile esotropia in the earlier years (45 from 1965-1974, 51 from 1975-1984, and 34 from 1985-1994), the change in incidence over time was not statistically significant (P = .32). The mean number of surgeries performed on each patient in this cohort was similar during the 30-year study: 1.8 for those diagnosed from 1965 to 1974, 1.9 for 1975 to 1984, and 1.6 for 1985 to 1994.
conclusionsThe incidence of infantile esotropia in this population has not significantly changed from 1965 through 1994. Moreover, the rate of surgical intervention over these years is similar for this patient population.
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Registered trials
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