ArticleVaccine2009
Nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide activates NKT cells without inducing anergy.
Article in Vaccine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Lipid-Based Modulation, Nanotechnology, and Translational Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Poloxamer-Based Th1-Biased NKT Cell Nano-Agonist for Tumor Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Antitubercular Activity of 7-Methyljuglone-Loaded Poly-(Lactide Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent influenza mRNA vaccines induce broadly protective immunity through cutaneous vaccination in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Encapsulation of MERS antigen into α-GalCer-bearing-liposomes elicits stronger effector and memory immune responses in immunocompetent and leukopenic mice.Journal of King Saud University. Science · 2022Article
- Review
- Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Harnessing NKT cells for vaccination.Oxford open immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- α-Galactosylceramide and peptide-based nano-vaccine synergistically induced a strong tumor suppressive effect in melanoma.Acta biomaterialia · 2018Article
- Vectorized Delivery of Alpha-GalactosylCeramide and Tumor Antigen on Filamentous Bacteriophage fd Induces Protective Immunity by Enhancing Tumor-Specific T Cell Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Enhancement of Adjuvant Functions of Natural Killer T Cells Using Nanovector Delivery Systems: Application in Anticancer Immune Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Harnessing the Power of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines?Pharmaceutical research · 2016Review
- Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer.Immunogenetics · 2016Review
- Glycolipid activators of invariant NKT cells as vaccine adjuvants.Immunogenetics · 2016Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of innate immunity is critical for vaccine development and immunotherapy, through triggering antigen specific immune responses. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique type of innate immune cells which exert potent anti-viral and anti-metastasis function, through producing interferon-gamma and activating dendritic cells to present tumor antigens to CD8 T cells. alpha-Galactosylceramide, a synthetic antigen for NKT cells, is an adjuvant for protein antigens which can induce protective immunity against cancer and viral diseases, and has been proven to be safe and immune stimulatory in human cancer and hepatitis patients. Current existing problem for alpha-galactosylceramide is its induction of anergy of NKT cells, due to the non-selective presentation of alpha-galactosylceramide antigen by B cells. We hypothesized that nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide may be selectively presented by dendritic cells and macrophages, but not B cells, thus avoiding anergy induction in NKT cells. We have prepared poly-lactic acid based nanoparticles conjugated with alpha-galactosylceramide, examined their stimulation of NKT cells in vitro and in vivo in mice, and showed that nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide stimulates NKT cells. In contrast to soluble alpha-galactosylceramide, which caused NKT anergy after single stimulation, nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide repeatedly stimulates NKT cells without inducing anergy. Mechanistic studies showed that nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide is efficiently presented by mouse CD11c+population containing dendritic cells, and CD11b+population containing macrophages, but very poorly by B220+population containing B cells. Hence, nanoparticle formulated alpha-galactosylceramide is an attractive immunomodulator for immunotherapy and vaccine development. Future studies will be focused on its application as adjuvant for protein and/or peptide antigens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.