ArticleImmunity2009
Selected Toll-like receptor ligands and viruses promote helper-independent cytotoxic T cell priming by upregulating CD40L on dendritic cells.
Article in Immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of CD154:CD11b interactions using a novel nanotherapeutic improves allograft survival.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- γδ T cell-derived IL-4 initiates CD8Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of T lymphocyte CD40L expression levels in patients with sepsis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Bidirectional Communication Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing the potential of CD40 agonism in cancer therapy.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2024Review
- Reshaping Intratumoral Mononuclear Phagocytes with Antibody-Opsonized Immunometabolic Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Immunological evaluation of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: CD4+ and CD16+ cells may predict severity and prognosis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Co-Ordination of Mucosal B Cell and CD8 T Cell Memory by Tissue-Resident CD4 Helper T Cells.Cells · 2021Review
- CD11b is a novel alternate receptor for CD154 during alloimmunity.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2020Article
- CD40 in Endothelial Cells Restricts Neural Tissue Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th2 Immunity and Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- CD70 encoded by modified vaccinia virus Ankara enhances CD8 T-cell-dependent protective immunity in MHC class II-deficient mice.Immunology · 2018Article
- Innate and adaptive T cells in influenza disease.Frontiers of medicine · 2018Review
- Class-B CpG-ODN Formulated With a Nanostructure Induces Type I Interferons-Dependent and CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Multiple effects of CD40-CD40L axis in immunity against infection and cancer.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2018Review
- CD40L Expression Allows CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Double-negative T resident memory cells of the lung react to influenza virus infection via CD11c(hi) dendritic cells.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- T Cell Cosignaling Molecules in Transplantation.Immunity · 2016Review
- Red blood cell alloimmunization is influenced by the delay between Toll-like receptor agonist injection and transfusion.Haematologica · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD40L (CD154) on CD4(+) T cells has been shown to license dendritic cells (DCs) via CD40 to prime cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We found that the converse (CD40L on DCs) was also important. Anti-CD40L treatment decreased endogenous CTL responses to both ovalbumin and influenza infection even in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. DCs expressed CD40L upon stimulation with agonists to Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR9. Moreover, influenza infection, which stimulates CTLs without help, upregulated CD40L on DCs, but herpes simplex infection, which elicits CTLs through help, did not. CD40L-deficient (Cd40lg(-/-)) DCs are suboptimal both in vivo in bone marrow chimera experiments and in vitro in mixed lymphocyte reactions. In contrast, Cd40lg(-/-) CD8(+) T cells killed as effectively as wild-type cells. Thus, CD40L upregulation on DCs promoted optimal priming of CD8(+) T cells without CD4(+) T cells, providing a mechanism by which pathogens may elicit helper-independent CTL immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.