ArticleCurrent biology : CB2009
CO(2) regulates white-to-opaque switching in Candida albicans.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
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104 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sensing the host atmosphere: carbon dioxide regulates virulence and drug response in medically relevant fungi.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Genetic and environmental control of parasexual reproduction in the pathogenicMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Gene dosage and protein valency impact phase separation and fungal cell fate.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Transcriptional control ofmBio · 2025Article
- Article
- The rod cell, a small form ofActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- White-opaque switching inMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Effects of COCurrent opinion in microbiology · 2024Review
- The defective gut colonization ofVirulence · 2023Article
- Atmospheric humidity regulates same-sex mating in Candida albicans through the trehalose and osmotic signaling pathways.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Morphogenic plasticity: the pathogenic attribute of Candida albicans.Current genetics · 2023Review
- Fun30 nucleosome remodeller regulates white-to-opaque switching inActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- Fungal resilience and host-pathogen interactions: Future perspectives and opportunities.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- Role of themBio · 2021Article
- Article
- The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Signal-mediated localization of Candida albicans pheromone response pathway components.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Wor1-regulated ferroxidases contribute to pigment formation in opaque cells of Candida albicans.FEBS open bio · 2021Article
- Comparative genomics of white and opaque cell states supports an epigenetic mechanism of phenotypic switching in Candida albicans.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- The Roles of Chromatin Accessibility in Regulating theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
To mate, Candida albicans must undergo homozygosis at the mating type-like locus MTL[1, 2], then switch from the white to opaque phenotype [3, 4]. Paradoxically, when opaque cells are transferred in vitro to 37 degrees C, the temperature of their animal host, they switch en masse to white [5-7], suggesting that their major niche might not be conducive to mating. It has been suggested that pheromones secreted by opaque cells of opposite mating type [8] or the hypoxic condition of host niches [9, 10] stabilize opaque cells. There is, however, an additional possibility, namely that CO(2), which achieves levels in the host 100 times higher than in air [11-13], stabilizes the opaque phenotype. CO(2) has been demonstrated to regulate the bud-hypha transition in C. albicans[14, 15], expression of virulence genes in bacteria [16], and mating events in Cryptococcus neoformans[14, 17]. We tested the possibility that CO(2) stabilizes the opaque phenotype, and found that physiological levels of CO(2) induce white-to-opaque switching and stabilize the opaque phenotype at 37 degrees C. It exerts this control equally under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. These results suggest that the high levels of CO(2) in the host induce and stabilize the opaque phenotype, thus facilitating mating.
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