Quantitative evaluation of six different viral suppressors of silencing using image analysis of transient GFP expression.

The effects of six different plant viral suppressors of gene silencing were compared using an automated image collection and analysis system developed for continual monitoring of GFP expression. Suppressors were introduced into lima bean cotyledonary tissues either as 3'-GFP translational fusions or as co-introductions with the GFP gene on a separate plasmid. The resultant transient expression profiles for each suppressor depended on whether the suppressor was introduced as a fusion or co-introduced on separate plasmids. As co-introductions, the silencing suppressors HCPro (from Tobacco etch virus), p19 (from Tomato bushy stunt virus), gammab (from Barley stripe mosaic virus) and p21 (from Beet yellows virus) led to an almost twofold increase in initial GFP expression levels, followed by a rapid decline. In contrast, fusions of HCPro, p19, and gammab to the 3'-end of GFP resulted in slightly lower but more prolonged GFP expression. Compared with the co-introductions, all GFP::Suppressor translational fusions gave reduced GFP fluorescence levels, suggesting interference of the fusion partner with GFP fluorescence. Regardless of the configuration, introductions of the silencing suppressors AL2 (from Tomato golden mosaic virus) and 126-kDa protein (from Tobacco mosaic virus) resulted in very low GFP fluorescence. This is the first report that directly compares the effects of a large number of viral suppressors of silencing on transient transgene expression using both translational fusions and co-introductions.