ArticleGenome research2009
Two duplicated P450 genes are associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus, a major malaria vector.
Article in Genome research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The impact of pyrethroid resistance on the efficacy of insecticide-treated bed nets against African anopheline mosquitoes: systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Article
- Genomic signatures of selection inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hyper-specialized primates possess a reduced suite of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic signatures of high‑intensity pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae from a Cameroonian agricultural hotspot.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Four-year monitoring of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in central-west Cameroon reveals an escalation of pyrethroid resistance combined with high malaria transmission.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Chlorfenapyr bednets effectively overcome pyrethroid resistance escalation in highly resistant Anopheles malaria vectors in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Complex Roles of Insect Cytochrome P450s in Chemical Adaptation.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- PoolSeq Genome-Wide Association Studies and Microbial Signature Analyses Identify Novel Candidates Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance Evolution in Anopheles funestus in Cameroon.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Genomic Drivers of Pyrethroid Resistance Escalation in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Across Africa.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The duplicated cytochrome P450 CYP6P9a/b confers cross-resistance to a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Impact of Omics Studies on Understanding Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Sub-Saharan Malaria Vectors: A Systematic Review.Journal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Evidence of microbiome contribution to the escalation of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus s.s.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Cytochrome P450 and esterase genes associated with permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762).Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Temporal evolution of insecticide resistance and bionomics in Anopheles funestus, a key malaria vector in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Two highly selected mutations in the tandemly duplicated CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b genes drive pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus in West Africa.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Functional Validation of Endogenous Redox PartnerInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of a rapidly selected 4.3kb transposon-containing structural variation with a P450-based resistance to pyrethroids in the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus is a potential obstacle to malaria control in Africa. Tools are needed to detect resistance in field populations. We have been using a positional cloning approach to identify the major genes conferring pyrethroid resistance in this vector. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) named rp1 explains 87% of the genetic variance in pyrethroid susceptibility in two families from reciprocal crosses between susceptible and resistant strains. Two additional QTLs of minor effect, rp2 and rp3, were also detected. We sequenced a 120-kb BAC clone spanning the rp1 QTL and identified 14 protein-coding genes and one putative pseudogene. Ten of the 14 genes encoded cytochrome P450s, and expression analysis indicated that four of these P450s were differentially expressed between susceptible and resistant strains. Furthermore, two of these genes, CYP6P9 and CYP6P4, which are 25 and 51 times overexpressed in resistant females, are tandemly duplicated in the BAC clone as well as in laboratory and field samples, suggesting that P450 gene duplication could contribute to pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within CYP6P9 and CYP6P4, and genotyping of the progeny of the genetic crosses revealed a maximum penetrance value f(2) = 1, confirming that these SNPs are valid resistance markers in the laboratory strains. This serves as proof of principle that a DNA-based diagnostic test could be designed to trace metabolic resistance in field populations. This will be a major advance for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors, which requires the early detection of resistance alleles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.