ArticleGenome research2009
Into the blue: gene duplication and loss underlie color vision adaptations in a deep-sea chimaera, the elephant shark Callorhinchus milii.
Article in Genome research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Silver chimaera genome highlights lineage-specific sex chromosome and opsin gene evolution in holocephalans.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2026Article
- Adaptive loss of shortwave-sensitive opsins during cartilaginous fish evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Widespread and Convergent Evolution of Cone Monochromacy in Galeomorph Sharks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- The evolutionary history and spectral tuning of vertebrate visual opsins.Developmental biology · 2023Review
- Distribution of the Order Lampriformes in the Mediterranean Sea with Notes on Their Biology, Morphology, and Taxonomy.Biology · 2022Review
- Short-wavelength-sensitive 2 (Sws2) visual photopigment models combined with atomistic molecular simulations to predict spectral peaks of absorbance.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- The retinal pigments of the whale shark (Visual neuroscience · 2019Article
- Convergent Evolution of Mitochondrial Genes in Deep-Sea Fishes.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Differential stability of variantMolecular vision · 2019Article
- Shark genomes provide insights into elasmobranch evolution and the origin of vertebrates.Nature ecology & evolution · 2018Article
- De novo transcriptome analyses provide insights into opsin-based photoreception in the lanternshark Etmopterus spinax.PloS one · 2018Article
- The rises and falls of opsin genes in 59 ray-finned fish genomes and their implications for environmental adaptation.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Pushing the limits of photoreception in twilight conditions: The rod-like cone retina of the deep-sea pearlsides.Science advances · 2017Article
- Draft sequencing and assembly of the genome of the world's largest fish, the whale shark: Rhincodon typus Smith 1828.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- An extended family of novel vertebrate photopigments is widely expressed and displays a diversity of function.Genome research · 2015Article
- The vertebrate ancestral repertoire of visual opsins, transducin alpha subunits and oxytocin/vasopressin receptors was established by duplication of their shared genomic region in the two rounds of early vertebrate genome duplications.BMC evolutionary biology · 2013Article
- What has driven the evolution of multiple cone classes in visual systems: object contrast enhancement or light flicker elimination?BMC biology · 2013Article
- X-linked cone dystrophy and colour vision deficiency arising from a missense mutation in a hybrid L/M cone opsin gene.Vision research · 2013Article
- Variations in opsin coding sequences cause x-linked cone dysfunction syndrome with myopia and dichromacy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The cartilaginous fishes reside at the base of the gnathostome lineage as the oldest extant group of jawed vertebrates. Recently, the genome of the elephant shark, Callorhinchus milii, a chimaerid holocephalan, has been sequenced and therefore becomes the first cartilaginous fish to be analyzed in this way. The chimaeras have been largely neglected and very little is known about the visual systems of these fishes. By searching the elephant shark genome, we have identified gene fragments encoding a rod visual pigment, Rh1, and three cone visual pigments, the middle wavelength-sensitive or Rh2 pigment, and two isoforms of the long wavelength-sensitive or LWS pigment, LWS1 and LWS2, but no evidence for the two short wavelength-sensitive cone classes, SWS1 and SWS2. Expression of these genes in the retina was confirmed by RT-PCR. Full-length coding sequences were used for in vitro expression and gave the following peak absorbances: Rh1 496 nm, Rh2 442 nm, LWS1 499 nm, and LWS2 548 nm. Unusually, therefore, for a deep-sea fish, the elephant shark possesses cone pigments and the potential for trichromacy. Compared with other vertebrates, the elephant shark Rh2 and LWS1 pigments are the shortest wavelength-shifted pigments of their respective classes known to date. The mechanisms for this are discussed and we provide experimental evidence that the elephant shark LWS1 pigment uses a novel tuning mechanism to achieve the short wavelength shift to 499 nm, which inactivates the chloride-binding site. Our findings have important implications for the present knowledge of color vision evolution in early vertebrates.
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