Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2009
GBV-C viremia is associated with reduced CD4 expansion in HIV-infected people receiving HAART and interleukin-2 therapy.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Downregulation of Cytokines and Chemokines by GB Virus C After Transmission Via Blood Transfusion in HIV-Positive Blood Recipients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Transmission of GB virus type C via transfusion in a cohort of HIV-infected patients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Characterization of Serotype-Specific Dengue Virus T-Cell Inhibition.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Human Pegivirus Type 1: A Common Human Virus That Is Beneficial in Immune-Mediated Disease?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Discovery of a Novel Simian Pegivirus in Common Marmosets (Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Human Pegivirus infection and lymphoma risk and prognosis: a North American study.British journal of haematology · 2018Article
- Yellow Fever Virus, but Not Zika Virus or Dengue Virus, Inhibits T-Cell Receptor-Mediated T-Cell Function by an RNA-Based Mechanism.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- High HPgV replication is associated with improved surrogate markers of HIV progression.PloS one · 2017Article
- Detection of GB virus C genomic sequence in the cerebrospinal fluid of a HIV-infected patient in China: a case report and literature review.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Review
- Human Pegivirus (HPgV; formerly known as GBV-C) inhibits IL-12 dependent natural killer cell function.Virology · 2015Article
- Tropism of human pegivirus (formerly known as GB virus C/hepatitis G virus) and host immunomodulation: insights into a highly successful viral infection.The Journal of general virology · 2015Review
- GBV-C infection and risk of NHL among U.S. adults.Cancer research · 2014Article
- Human pegivirus RNA is found in multiple blood mononuclear cells in vivo and serum-derived viral RNA-containing particles are infectious in vitro.The Journal of general virology · 2014Article
- A novel T cell evasion mechanism in persistent RNA virus infection.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2014Review
- Bayesian analysis and classification of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests without a gold standard.Statistics in medicine · 2013Article
- GB virus C particles inhibit T cell activation via envelope E2 protein-mediated inhibition of TCR signaling.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- GB virus C viremia is associated with higher levels of double-negative T cells and lower T-cell activation in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- GB virus C envelope protein E2 inhibits TCR-induced IL-2 production and alters IL-2-signaling pathways.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Study design may explain discrepancies in GB virus C effects on interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production and CD38 expression in T lymphocytes.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2012Article
- GB virus C: the good boy virus?Trends in microbiology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine with multiple effects on lymphocytes including induction of CD4 T-cell proliferation. IL-2 administration has been shown to increase CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy. GB virus C (GBV-C) is an apparently nonpathogenic flavivirus that replicates in CD4 T cells and inhibits HIV replication in vitro by mechanisms including downregulation of HIV entry coreceptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) and induction of chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1 beta, and SDF-1). GBV-C replication is significantly inhibited in vitro by activation of primary CD4 cell cultures with IL-2 and phytohemagglutinin. We sought to determine if there is an interaction between GBV-C and IL-2 in vivo.
methodsGBV-C viremia status was characterized in 92 HIV-infected individuals participating in a randomized trial of IL-2 and antiretroviral therapy [AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study (ACTG) 328]. Changes in CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels in individuals assigned IL-2 were compared with those in individuals assigned antiretroviral therapy alone.
resultsIndividuals lacking GBV-C viremia had a significantly greater rise in CD4 cell count with IL-2, compared with GBV-C viremic individuals (by 511 cells/microl at week 84; interaction P = 0.02): GBV-C viremic individuals assigned IL-2 did not demonstrate a significant increase in CD4 cell count compared with individuals not assigned to receive IL-2 (95% CI for difference -255 to 397 cells/microl).
conclusionGBV-C viremia was associated with a block in CD4 cell expansion following IL-2 therapy in the ACTG 328 study, and GBV-C status may be an important factor in IL-2 treatment response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.