ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
Anopheles fibrinogen-related proteins provide expanded pattern recognition capacity against bacteria and malaria parasites.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Molecular characterization, expression and in-silico analysis of fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
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- Novel systems to study vector-pathogen interactions in malaria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Noninvasive Determination of the IDH Status of Gliomas Using MRI and MRI-Based Radiomics: Impact on Diagnosis and Prognosis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- The ARM repeat domain of hemocyanin interacts with MKK4 to modulate antimicrobial peptides expression.iScience · 2022Article
- Functional Constraints on Insect Immune System Components Govern Their Evolutionary Trajectories.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Transmission-Blocking Strategies Against Malaria Parasites During Their Mosquito Stages.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The fibrinogen-related protein family (FREP, also known as FBN) is an evolutionarily conserved immune gene family found in mammals and invertebrates. It is the largest pattern recognition receptor gene family in Anopheles gambiae, with as many as 59 putative members, while the Drosophila melanogaster genome has only 14 known FREP members. Our sequence and phylogenetic analysis suggest that this remarkable gene expansion in the mosquito is the result of tandem duplication of the fibrinogen domain. We found that the majority of the FREP genes displayed immune-responsive transcription after challenge with bacteria, fungi, or Plasmodium, and these expression patterns correlated strongly with gene phylogeny and chromosomal location. Using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing assays, we further demonstrated that some FREP members are essential factors of the mosquito innate immune system that are required for maintaining immune homeostasis, and members of this family have complementary and synergistic functions. One of the most potent anti-Plasmodium FREP proteins, FBN9, was found to interact with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and strongly co-localized with both rodent and human malaria parasites in the mosquito midgut epithelium, suggesting that its defensive activity involves direct interaction with the pathogen. Interestingly, FBN9 formed dimers that bound to the bacterial surfaces with different affinities. Our findings indicate that the A. gambiae FREP gene family plays a central role in the mosquito innate immune system and provides an expanded pattern recognition and anti-microbial defense repertoire.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.