ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2009
The evolutionary differentiation of two histone H2A.Z variants in chordates (H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2) is mediated by a stepwise mutation process that affects three amino acid residues.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed.
- Histone Variant H2A.Z2 Hyper-Transcription Induced by E2F1 Accelerates Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression via the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- From two to one: spatiotemporal mapping of chromatin remodelling in the protamine-lacking early zygote of zebrafish.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Article
- Cancer histone H2A.Z missense mutations disrupt function through distinct local and allosteric effects.Research square · 2026Article
- Major waves of H2A.Z incorporation during mouse oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- EdgeHOG: a method for fine-grained ancestral gene order inference at large scale.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- The "Ins and Outs and What-Abouts" of H2A.Z: A tribute to C. David Allis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- H2A.Z is involved in premature aging and DSB repair initiation in muscle fibers.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Roles of Histone H2A Variants in Cancer Development, Prognosis, and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Control of Intestinal Stemness and Cell Lineage by Histone Variant H2A.Z Isoforms.Molecular and cellular biology · 2024Article
- Histone Variants and Their Chaperones in Hematological Malignancies.HemaSphere · 2023Review
- The H2A.Z and NuRD associated protein HMG20A controls early head and heart developmental transcription programs.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- GAS41 mediates proliferation and GEM chemoresistance via H2A.Z.2 and Notch1 in pancreatic cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Uncovering the Epigenetic Marks Involved in Mediating Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- Solid tumours hijack the histone variant network.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2021Review
- Histone variants at a glance.Journal of cell science · 2021Review
- JAZF1, A Novel p400/TIP60/NuA4 Complex Member, Regulates H2A.Z Acetylation at Regulatory Regions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Chromatin Dynamics in Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis: A Paradigm of Cell Fate Determination versus Cell Plasticity.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2020Review
- The roles of histone variants in fine-tuning chromatin organization and function.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe histone H2A family encompasses the greatest number of core histone variants of which the replacement variant H2A.Z is currently one of the most heavily studied. No clear mechanism for the functional variability that H2A.Z imparts to chromatin has yet been proposed. While most of the past studies have referred to H2A.Z generically as a single protein, in vertebrates it is a mixture of two protein forms H2A.Z-1 (previously H2A.Z) and H2A.Z-2 (previously H2A.F/Z or H2A.V) that differ by three amino acids.
resultsWe have performed an extensive study on the long-term evolution of H2A.Z across metazoans with special emphasis on the possible selective mechanisms responsible for the differentiation between H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2. Our results reveal a common origin of both forms early in chordate evolution. The evolutionary process responsible for the differentiation involves refined stepwise mutation change within the codons of the three differential residues. This eventually led to differences in the intensity of the selective constraints acting upon the different H2A.Z forms in vertebrates.
conclusionThe results presented in this work definitively reveal that the existence of H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2 is not a whim of random genetic drift. Our analyses demonstrate that H2A.Z-2 is not only subject to a strong purifying selection but it is significantly more evolutionarily constrained than H2A.Z-1. Whether or not the evolutionary drift between H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2 has resulted in a functional diversification of these proteins awaits further research. Nevertheless, the present work suggests that in the process of their differently constrained evolutionary pathways, these two forms may have acquired new or complementary functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.