Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19188540›Full record

ArticleArchives of general psychiatry2009

Association between media use in adolescence and depression in young adulthood: a longitudinal study.

Brian A Primack, Brandi Swanier, Anna M Georgiopoulos, Stephanie R Land, Michael J Fine

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of general psychiatry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  9. The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2016
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  18. Parental executive functions and motivations unveil variations in young children's screen media use.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2024
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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Brian A PrimackDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 230 McKee Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. bprimack@pitt.edu
Brandi Swanier
Anna M Georgiopoulos
Stephanie R Land
Michael J Fine

Funding

Media Literacy to Prevent Adolescent Smoking InitiationK07CA114315 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI PRIMACK, BRIAN A. · 2006 to 2010
$766k
NCI NIH HHS K07 CA 114315NCI NIH HHS K07 CA114315
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextAlthough certain media exposures have been linked to the presence of psychiatric conditions, few studies have investigated the association between media exposure and depression.

objectiveTo assess the longitudinal association between media exposure in adolescence and depression in young adulthood in a nationally representative sample.

designLongitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND

participantsWe used the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to investigate the relationship between electronic media exposure in 4142 adolescents who were not depressed at baseline and subsequent development of depression after 7 years of follow-up. Main Outcome Measure Depression at follow-up assessed using the 9-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale.

resultsOf the 4142 participants (47.5% female and 67.0% white) who were not depressed at baseline and who underwent follow-up assessment, 308 (7.4%) reported symptoms consistent with depression at follow-up. Controlling for all covariates including baseline Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale score, those reporting more television use had significantly greater odds of developing depression (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.08 [1.01-1.16]) for each additional hour of daily television use. In addition, those reporting more total media exposure had significantly greater odds of developing depression (1.05 [1.0004-1.10]) for each additional hour of daily use. We did not find a consistent relationship between development of depressive symptoms and exposure to videocassettes, computer games, or radio. Compared with young men, young women were less likely to develop depression given the same total media exposure (odds ratio for interaction term, 0.93 [0.88-0.99]).

conclusionTelevision exposure and total media exposure in adolescence are associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in young adulthood, especially in young men.

Indexed as

Social EnvironmentAdolescentDepressive DisorderFemaleHealth SurveysHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMass MediaOdds RatioRisk FactorsSex FactorsTelevisionUnited StatesUtilization Review

Identifiers

PMID19188540
PMCPMC3004674

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.