ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Arginine-induced germ tube formation in Candida albicans is essential for escape from murine macrophage line RAW 264.7.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging antifungal strategies against Candida albicans using metal-organic frameworks and novel therapeutics: Opportunities and challenges.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Review
- Transdifferentiated BLaER1 cells as a genetically tractable model to study the interaction of pathogenic fungi with macrophages.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Fungal biofilm formation and quorum sensing: Regulatory mechanisms and control strategies.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
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- Candida albicans Cells Lacking AP-2 Have Defective Hyphae and Are Avirulent Despite Increased Host Uptake and Intracellular Proliferation in Macrophages.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- An integrated systems biology approach establishes arginine biosynthesis as a metabolic weakness in Candida albicans during host infection.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Arginine inhibits cross-kingdom interactions and synergistic cariogenicity betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
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- Biological Activity of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: A Critical Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Molecular Determinants Involved in Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Regulation.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- Central Carbon Metabolism inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The FVirulence · 2023Article
- Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis within Macrophages Does Not Require Carbon Dioxide or pH-Sensing Pathways.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis?Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- The Metabolism of Susceptibility: Clearing the FoG Between Tolerance and Resistance inCurrent clinical microbiology reports · 2023Article
- "Under Pressure" - How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Decoding the host-pathogen interspecies molecular crosstalk during oral candidiasis in humans: anFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Integrated analysis of SR-like protein kinases Sky1 and Sky2 links signaling networks with transcriptional regulation inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a part of the normal flora but it also causes systemic candidiasis if it reaches the bloodstream. Upon being phagocytized by macrophages, an important component of innate immunity, C. albicans rapidly upregulates a set of arginine biosynthetic genes. Arginine, urea, and CO2 induced hyphae in a density-dependent manner in wild-type, cph1/cph1, and rim101/rim101 strains but not in efg1/efg1 or cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1 strains. Arginase (Car1p) converts arginine to urea, which in turn is degraded by urea amidolyase (Dur1,2p) to produce CO2, a signal for hyphal switching. We used a dur1,2/dur1,2 mutant (KWN6) and the complemented strain, KWN8 (dur1,2/dur1,2::DUR1,2/DUR1,2) to study germ tube formation. KWN6 could not make germ tubes in the presence of arginine or urea but did in the presence of 5% CO(2), which bypasses Dur1,2p. We also tested the effect of arginine on the interaction between the macrophage line RAW 264.7 and several strains of C. albicans. Arginine activated an Efg1p-dependent yeast-to-hypha switch, enabling wild-type C. albicans and KWN8 to escape from macrophages within 6 h, whereas KWN6 was defective in this regard. Additionally, two mutants that cannot synthesize arginine, BWP17 and SN152, were defective in making hyphae inside the macrophages, whereas the corresponding arginine prototrophs, DAY286 and SN87, formed germ tubes and escaped from macrophages. Therefore, metabolism of arginine by C. albicans controls hyphal switching and provides an important mechanism for escaping host defense.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.