ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Induction of persistent colitis by a human commensal, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, in wild-type C57BL/6 mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 182 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 279 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systemic review of the role of enterotoxic Bacteroides fragilis in colorectal cancer.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Pooled it
- Gut microbiota in patients with Alzheimer's disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- The protease code of the bacterial gut microbiota: ecological regulation, barrier disruption, and rewiring host defense and signaling.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-mediated neuron loss and intestinal motility dysfunction.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Functional Gut Microbiota Alterations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Long-Term Biologic Therapy: A Pilot Comparative Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Induces Host Genotype-Specific Colonic Epithelial and Immune Responses in Mice.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- From Microbiota Correction to Host Protection: A New Therapeutic Target for the Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- An anaerobic pathogen rewires host metabolism to fuel oxidative growth in the inflamed gut.Cell · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbiomics: Novel Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From inflammation to fibrosis and cancer: the emerging role of AIEC-derived metabolites in intestinal disease progression.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The "Direct Structural Disruption" Hypothesis:Toxins · 2026Review
- Article
- A widespread gut bacterial lineage distinguished by redox metabolism and phage defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Strain-level antigen variation facilitates immune evasion in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Ambivalent Nature ofToxins · 2025Review
- Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in mother‒child pairs: clinical risk factors and gut microbiota characteristics.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Modeling ETBF-Mediated Colorectal Tumorigenesis Using AOM/DSS in Wild-Type Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) causes diarrhea and is implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. The only known ETBF virulence factor is the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), which induces E-cadherin cleavage, interleukin-8 secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation. A murine model for ETBF has not been characterized. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J or germfree 129S6/SvEv mice were orally inoculated with wild-type ETBF (WT-ETBF) strains, a nontoxigenic WT strain of B. fragilis (WT-NTBF), WT-NTBF overexpressing bft (rETBF), or WT-NTBF overexpressing a biologically inactive mutated bft (rNTBF). In SPF and germfree mice, ETBF caused colitis but was lethal only in germfree mice. Colonic histopathology demonstrated mucosal thickening with inflammatory cell infiltration, crypt abscesses, and epithelial cell exfoliation, erosion, and ulceration. SPF mice colonized with rETBF mimicked WT-ETBF, whereas rNTBF caused no histopathology. Intestinal epithelial E-cadherin was rapidly cleaved in vivo in WT-ETBF-colonized mice and in vitro in intestinal tissues cultured with purified BFT. ETBF mice colonized for 16 months exhibited persistent colitis. BFT did not directly induce lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cell stimulation, or Toll-like receptor activation. In conclusion, WT-ETBF induced acute then persistent colitis in SPF mice and rapidly lethal colitis in WT germfree mice. Our data support the hypothesis that chronic colonization with the human commensal ETBF can induce persistent, subclinical colitis in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.