ArticleImmunity2009
Conduits mediate transport of low-molecular-weight antigen to lymph node follicles.
Article in Immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 242 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Protein expression profiles of human lymph and plasma mapped by 2D-DIGE and 1D SDS-PAGE coupled with nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS bottom-up proteomics.Journal of proteomics · 2013Trial
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Shaping Immune Responses in the Lymph Node Microenvironment.Biology of the cell · 2026Review
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- Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Adrenergic nerves regulate B cell responses to large antigens through modulation of lymph node permeability.Research square · 2026Article
- Allergic Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in the Upper Respiratory Tract-the B Cell Side.Allergy · 2026Review
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Imbalanced IgA-IgG class switching recombination: a novel mechanism of gut immune dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cell Organization and Function in Innate and Adaptive Immune Defense Within Lymph Nodes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Integration of lymphatic vasculature to a human lymph node-on-chip enhances physiological immune properties.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Dendritic cells steering antigen and leukocyte traffic in lymph nodes.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Transplants foster B cell alloimmunity by relaying extracellular vesicles to follicular dendritic cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Fibroblasts in immune responses, inflammatory diseases and therapeutic implications.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Fibroblastic reticular cells form reactive myeloid cell niches in human lymph nodes.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Systems immunology analysis of human immune organoids identifies host-specific correlates of protection to different influenza vaccines.Cell stem cell · 2025Article
- Emerging strategies in lymph node-targeted nano-delivery systems for tumor immunotherapy.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Exploring CD169Vaccines · 2025Review
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To track drainage of lymph-borne small and large antigens (Ags) into the peripheral lymph nodes and subsequent encounter by B cells and follicular dendritic cells, we used the approach of multiphoton intravital microscopy. We find a system of conduits that extend into the follicles and mediate delivery of small antigens to cognate B cells and follicular dendritic cells. The follicular conduits provide an efficient and rapid mechanism for delivery of small antigens and chemokines such as CXCL13 to B cells that directly contact the conduits. By contrast, large antigens were bound by subcapsular sinus macrophages and subsequently transferred to follicular B cells as previously reported. In summary, the findings identify a unique pathway for the channeling of small lymph-borne antigens and chemoattractants from the subcapsular sinus directly to the B cell follicles. This pathway could be used for enhancing delivery of vaccines or small molecules for improvement of humoral immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.