ReviewHandbook of experimental pharmacology2009
Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers.
Review in Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04688177 (The Association of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Function in Taiwan Adult Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 702 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Association of Cigarette Smoking on Exercise Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Function in Taiwan Adult Smokers
Who cites it
702 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,394 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of Assessment Methods for Detecting Nicotine Residue and Its Impact on Humans: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Insights into Pharmacological Activities of Nicotine and 6-Hydroxy-L-nicotine, a Bacterial Nicotine Derivative: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Seeing what is behind the smokescreen: A systematic review of methodological aspects of smoking interaction studies over the last three decades and implications for future clinical trials.Clinical and translational science · 2023Pooled it
- Indoor and outdoor air pollution and couple fecundability: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- Single-use and six-week effects of a non-tobacco nicotine pouch on dental plaque characteristics: a randomized crossover study with observational follow-up.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Sex dependent genetic architecture of biochemically verified tobacco use.Psychiatry research · 2025Trial
- Switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes does not impact acute responses to intravenous nicotine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the Role of Nicotine Stereoisomer on Nicotine Pouch Abuse Liability: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Assessment of Abuse Liability and Nicotine Pharmacokinetics of glo Heated Tobacco Products in a Randomized, Crossover Study.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2024Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Nicotine Salt and Free-Base Using an E-cigarette: A Randomized Crossover Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Partial Nicotine Reduction and E-Cigarette Users' Puffing Behaviors Among Adults Aged 21 to 35 Years: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Spatially Resolved Multi-Omics Reveals Brain-Kidney Compartmentalization and Region-Specific Molecular Reprogramming After Acute Nicotine Exposure.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Serum Cotinine Is Associated With Tympanometric Abnormalities Suggestive of Middle-Ear Pressure Dysregulation in US Adults.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2026Article
- Cotinine Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation and mEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Nicotine and cotinine enhance SARS-CoV-2 entry through distinct but complementary mechanisms in human respiratory epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of NicCheck I Test Strips for the rapid detection of urine nicotine metabolites.EJIFCC · 2026Article
- On the Detection and Scope of "Third-Hand Vaping": A Critical Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Article
- Non-Tobacco Nicotine Is Associated With Increased Complications Following Posterior Cervical Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Global spine journal · 2026Article
642 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine underlies tobacco addiction, influences tobacco use patterns, and is used as a pharmacological aid to smoking cessation. The absorption, distribution and disposition characteristics of nicotine from tobacco and medicinal products are reviewed. Nicotine is metabolized primarily by the liver enzymes CYP2A6, UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). In addition to genetic factors, nicotine metabolism is influenced by diet and meals, age, sex, use of estrogen-containing hormone preparations, pregnancy and kidney disease, other medications, and smoking itself. Substantial racial/ethnic differences are observed in nicotine metabolism, which are likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The most widely used biomarker of nicotine intake is cotinine, which may be measured in blood, urine, saliva, hair, or nails. The current optimal plasma cotinine cut-point to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in the general US population is 3 ng ml(-1). This cut-point is much lower than that established 20 years ago, reflecting less secondhand smoke exposure due to clear air policies and more light or occasional smoking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.