ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2009
Toll-like receptor expression in normal ovary and ovarian tumors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Mitophagy genes in ovarian cancer: a comprehensive analysis for improved immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their therapeutic applications in endometrial cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- Potential Role of Vaginal Microbiota in Ovarian Cancer Carcinogenesis, Progression and Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Expression of Foxp3 and TLR4 in human papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical significance.Histology and histopathology · 2023Article
- Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- The Toll-like Receptor 4 Polymorphism Asp299Gly Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer.Cells · 2022Article
- Review
- The emerging roles of TLR and cGAS signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Pan-Cancer.BioMed research international · 2022Article
- Peroxiredoxin 1 Controls Ovulation and Ovulated Cumulus-Oocyte Complex Activity through TLR4-Derived ERK1/2 Signaling in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Toll-like Receptor 2 as a Marker Molecule of Advanced Ovarian Cancer.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Article
- Immunohistochemical Analysis of Toll-Like Receptors, MyD88, and TRIF in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.Journal of thyroid research · 2021Article
- Toll-like receptors (TLRs): An old family of immune receptors with a new face in cancer pathogenesis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated inflammation in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer, though the mechanisms underlying this effect are still not clear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) allow immune cells to recognize pathogens and to trigger inflammatory responses. Tumor cell expression of TLRs can promote inflammation and cell survival in the tumor microenvironment. Here we sought to characterize the expression of TLRs in normal human ovaries, benign and malignant ovarian tumors from patients, and in established ovarian tumor cell lines. We report that TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 are strongly expressed on the surface epithelium of normal ovaries. In contrast to previous studies of uterus and endocervix, we found no cyclic variation in TLR expression occurred in murine ovaries. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 are expressed in benign conditions, epithelial tumors, and in ovarian cancer cell lines. Variable expression of TLR6 and TLR8 was seen in benign and malignant epithelium of some patients, while expression of TLR1, TLR7, and TLR9 was weak. Normal and malignant ovarian stroma were negative for TLR expression. Vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and occasional fibroblasts in tumors were positive. Functional activity for TLRs was demonstrated by stimulation of cell lines with specific ligands and subsequent activation and translocation of NFkappaB and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and CCL-2. These studies demonstrate expression of multiple TLRs in the epithelium of normal ovaries and in ovarian tumor cells, and may indicate a mechanism by which epithelial tumors manipulate inflammatory pathways to facilitate tumor progression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.