ArticlePloS one2009
Forest structure and roe deer abundance predict tick-borne encephalitis risk in Italy.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors associated with sustained circulation of six zoonotic arboviruses: a systematic review for selection of surveillance sites in non-endemic areas.Parasites & vectors · 2019Pooled it
- The importance of wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of the TBE virus in Sweden: incidence of human TBE correlates with abundance of deer and hares.Parasites & vectors · 2018Pooled it
- Exploring prediction of tick and tick-borne encephalitis cases in Sweden using citizen science data.iScience · 2026Article
- Predicting the spatio-temporal risk of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe by combining hazard and exposure drivers.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Targeted monitoring informed by mapping the ongoing spread of tick-borne encephalitis virus, the Netherlands.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Projecting tick-borne encephalitis risk in Sweden under climate change scenarios: a high-resolution spatio-temporal modeling approach.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- From reservoirs to ecological integrators: the role of EuropeanFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Dynamics ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Identifying hotspots and risk factors for tick-borne encephalitis virus emergence at its range margins to guide interventions, Great Britain.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- The Influence of Biogeographic Diversity, Climate and Wildlife on the Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia.Viruses · 2025Article
- Multiple variants of tick-borne encephalitis virus in voles, mice and ticks, the Netherlands, 2021 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Characterization and arbovirus susceptibility of cultured CERNI cells derived from sika deer (Cervus nippon).In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- High habitat richness reduces the risk of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe: A multi-scale study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the wild mountain ungulates mouflon and chamois in 4 regions of France.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Wild ungulates as sentinels of flaviviruses and tick-borne zoonotic pathogen circulation: an Italian perspective.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Correlation between airborne pollen data and the risk of tick-borne encephalitis in northern Italy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Potential drivers of human tick-borne encephalitis in the Örebro region of Sweden, 2010-2021.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Outdoor recreation, tick borne encephalitis incidence and seasonality in Finland, Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021).Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2023Article
- Continued Circulation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Variants and Detection of Novel Transmission Foci, the Netherlands.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Western Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus often causes devastating or lethal disease. In Europe, the number of human TBE cases has increased dramatically over the last decade, risk areas are expanding and new foci are being discovered every year. The early localisation of new TBE foci and the identification of the main risk factors associated with disease emergence represent a priority for the public health community. Although a number of socio-economic parameters have been suggested to explain TBE upsurges in eastern Europe, the principal driving factors in relatively stable western European countries have not been identified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this paper, we analyse the correlation between the upsurge of TBE in 17 alpine provinces in northern Italy from 1992 to 2006 with climatic variables, forest structure (as a proxy for small mammal reservoir host abundance), and abundance of the principal large vertebrate tick host (roe deer), using datasets available for the last 40 years. No significant differences between the pattern of changes in climatic variables in provinces where TBE has emerged compared to provinces were no clinical TBE cases have been observed to date. Instead, the best model for explaining the increase in TBE incidence in humans in this area include changes in forest structure, in particular the ratio of coppice to high stand forest, and the density of roe deer. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Substantial changes in vegetation structure that improve habitat suitability for the main TBE reservoir hosts (small mammals), as well as an increase in roe deer abundance due to changes in land and wildlife management practices, are likely to be among the most crucial factors affecting the circulation potential of Western TBE virus and, consequently, the risk of TBE emergence in humans in western Europe. We believe our approach will be useful in predicting TBE risk on a wider scale.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.