ArticleCerebrospinal fluid research2009
A review of the current treatment methods for posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus of infants.
Article in Cerebrospinal fluid research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of ventriculosubgaleal shunt in managing neonatal hydrocephalus due to intraventricular hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Comparing ventricular access devices and ventriculosubgaleal shunts for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation: systematic review and meta-analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025Pooled it
- Experience in endoscope choice for neuroendoscopic lavage for intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity: a systematic review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Pooled it
- Intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants: diagnosis, classification, and treatment options.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2019Pooled it
- Complication profile of two surgical techniques, neurosurgical experience, and operative setting for pediatric external ventricular drainage implantation.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Strategies and Surgical Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Following Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Navigating the Complexities of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: An Updated Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Perspectives : Understanding the Pathophysiology of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants and Considering of the Future Direction for Treatment.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2023Article
- Revision rates of flow- versus pressure-regulated ventricular shunt valves for the treatment of hydrocephalus in neonates following germinal matrix haemorrhage-a retrospective review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Ventriculosubgaleal shunt as a proposed technique for post-infectious hydrocephalus.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Treatment Strategies and Challenges to Avoid Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting for Pediatric Hydrocephalus.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2022Review
- Lysophosphatidic acid as a CSF lipid in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus that drives CSF accumulation via TRPV4-induced hyperactivation of NKCC1.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Integrated understanding of hydrocephalus - a practical approach for a complex disease.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Review
- Turkish Neonatal Society Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Related Complications.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Therapies for Treatment of Inflammation-Related Preterm Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Thrombocytopenia: is it a prognostic factor for development of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in neonates?Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Article
- Astrogliosis inhibition attenuates hydrocephalus by increasing cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption through the glymphatic system after germinal matrix hemorrhage.Experimental neurology · 2019Article
- MR diffusion changes in the perimeter of the lateral ventricles demonstrate periventricular injury in post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Article
- Chemerin suppresses neuroinflammation and improves neurological recovery via CaMKK2/AMPK/Nrf2 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a major problem for premature infants, generally requiring lifelong care. It results from small blood clots inducing scarring within CSF channels impeding CSF circulation. Transforming growth factor - beta is released into CSF and cytokines stimulate deposition of extracellular matrix proteins which potentially obstruct CSF pathways. Prolonged raised pressures and free radical damage incur poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The most common treatment involves permanent ventricular shunting with all its risks and consequences.This is a review of the current evidence for the treatment and prevention of PHH and shunt dependency. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library) and PubMed (from 1966 to August 2008) were searched. Trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation for any intervention were considered in infants less than 12 months old with PHH. Thirteen trials were identified although speculative interventions were also evaluated.The literature confirms that lumbar punctures, diuretic drugs and intraventricular fibrinolytic therapy can have significant adverse effects and fail to prevent shunt dependence, death or disability. There is no evidence that postnatal phenobarbital administration prevents intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). Subcutaneous reservoirs and external drains have not been tested in randomized controlled trials, but can be useful as a temporising measure. Drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy as a way of removing blood to inhibit progressive deposition of matrix proteins, permanent hydrocephalus and shunt dependency, are invasive and experimental. Studies of ventriculo-subgaleal shunts show potential as a temporary method of CSF diversion, but have high infection rates.At present no clinical intervention has been shown to reduce shunt surgery in these infants. A ventricular shunt is not advisable in the early phase after PHH. Evidence exists that pre-delivery corticosteroid therapy reduces mortality and IVH and there may be trends towards reduced disability in the short term. There is also evidence that postnatal indomethacin reduces IVH but with no effect on mortality or disability. Overall, there is still no definitive algorithm for the treatment of PHH or prevention of shunt dependence. New therapeutic approaches in neonatal care, including those aimed at pre-empting PHH, offer the best hope of improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.