ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2009
A multisite examination of sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation barriers by participation status.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02778165 (My Cardiac Recovery), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
My Cardiac Recovery (MyCaRe): A Pilot RCT to Examine the Effect of MyCaRe Android Application on Recovery Outcomes and Enrolment in Cardiac Rehab Post Cardiac Surgery.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nature, availability, and utilization of women-focused cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of patient reported factors associated with uptake and completion of cardiovascular lifestyle behaviour change.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2012Pooled it
- Tai Chi Is a Promising Exercise Option for Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Declining Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- The effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program tailored for women on global quality of life: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2010Trial
- Examining the effect of a patient navigation intervention on outpatient cardiac rehabilitation awareness and enrollment.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and preventionTrial
- Predicting cardiac rehabilitation attendance in a gender-tailored randomized clinical trial.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and preventionTrial
- Investigation of factors affecting exercise perception in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization Among Veterans: A Sex-Based Analysis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Thai Version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Health in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Applying the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 Framework in a Center-Based Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Comparison of Inpatient and Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Technology-bAsed cardiac rehabilitation therapy (TaCT) for women: Intervention implementability, usability, engagement and acceptability in a middle-income setting.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Uptake and Effectiveness of Outpatient vs. Residential Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Analysis.Global heart · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Facilitators to the Uptake of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Octogenarians.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Electroacupuncture Reduces Heart Rate and Perceived Exertion During a Bike Test: A Preliminary Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Psychometric validation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale Revised (CRBS-R) for hybrid delivery.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Sex and gender specific pitfalls and challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: a working hypothesis towards better inclusivity in cardiac rehabilitation programmes.European heart journal open · 2024Review
- The Translation, Culture-Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale Among Chinese Older Population.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Cardiac Rehabilitation on Risk Factors, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Women with Coronary Heart Disease.Metabolites · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite its proven benefits and need, women are significantly less likely than men to participate in and complete cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate sex differences in CR barriers by participation status.
methodsCardiac outpatients (1496, 430 female, 28.7%) of 97 cardiologists completed a mailed survey to discern CR participation. Respondents were asked to rate 19 CR barriers on a 5-point Likert scale.
resultsFive hundred twenty-nine (43%) respondents self-reported participating in CR, with men being more likely to participate (p < 0.05). There was no significant sex difference in total number of CR barriers, but differences in individual barriers were found. For CR participants, t tests revealed significant sex differences in the perception of exercise as tiring or painful (p = 0.042) and work responsibilities (p = 0.013). For CR nonparticipants, women rated the following barriers as greater than men: transportation (p = 0.025), family responsibilities (p = 0.039), lack of CR awareness (p = 0.036), experiencing exercise as tiring or painful (p = 0.002), and comorbidities (p = 0.009).
conclusionsOverall, women do not perceive greater barriers to CR participation than men, but the nature of their barriers differs, particularly among nonparticipants. Beliefs about the value of CR, awareness, and exercise parameters are all modifiable barriers that should be addressed among women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.