ArticleNature2009
Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells.
Article in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 489 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
489 citing papers in PubMed, 908 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-course, direct-acting antivirals and ezetimibe to prevent HCV infection in recipients of organs from HCV-infected donors: a phase 3, single-centre, open-label study.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Trial
- The role of tacstd-2 level in hepatitis C patients (controlled clinical research).The Libyan journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Viral entry defines the hepatitis E virus species barrier in murine hepatocytes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- The Role of Human Viral Entry Receptor Mouse Models in Advancing Antiviral Antibodies and Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Structural and genetic signatures of two classes of HCV E2 neutralizing face antibodies from non-human primates immunized with a recombinant E1E2.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- High-density lipoprotein mediates silica nanoparticle recognition by the multiligand receptor SR-B1.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of Bothrops leucurus phospholipase AArchives of virology · 2025Article
- Identification of claudin-3 as an entry factor for rat hepacivirus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A novel function of RHOA as a host-dependent factor in Glaesserella parasuis infection of LLC-PK1 cells.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Assessment of hepatitis C virus permissiveness in iteratively genetically humanized mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4)-mediated repression of hepatitis C virus replication in mouse cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutic advances in hepatitis B, C, and D.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Validation of signature molecular profiles of advanced HCV liver disease in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Virus research · 2025Article
- Adapted hepatitis C virus clone infects innate immunity-deficient mouse hepatocytes with minimal human HCV entry factors.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive overview on the crosstalk between microRNAs and viral pathogenesis and infection.Medicinal research reviews · 2025Review
- Phospholipid scramblase 1: a frontline defense against viral infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Tat-induced disruption of epithelial junctions and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral and genital epithelial cells lead to increased invasiveness of neoplastic cells and the spread of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Identification of key candidates associated with chronic hepatitis E viral infection.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
429 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The development of much needed specific antiviral therapies and an effective vaccine has been hampered by the lack of a convenient small animal model. The determinants restricting HCV tropism to human and chimpanzee hosts are unknown. Replication of the viral RNA has been demonstrated in mouse cells, but these cells are not infectable with either lentiviral particles bearing HCV glycoproteins (HCVpp) or HCV produced in cell culture (HCVcc) (A.P., M.E. and C.M.R., unpublished observations), suggesting that there is a block at the level of entry. Here we show, using an iterative complementary DNA library screening approach, that human occludin (OCLN) is an essential HCV cell entry factor that is able to render murine cells infectable with HCVpp. Similarly, OCLN is required for the HCV-susceptibility of human cells, because its overexpression in uninfectable cells specifically enhanced HCVpp uptake, whereas its silencing in permissive cells impaired both HCVpp and HCVcc infection. In addition to OCLN, HCVpp infection of murine cells required expression of the previously identified HCV entry factors CD81 (ref. 4), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI, also known as SCARB1) and claudin-1 (CLDN1). Although the mouse versions of SR-BI and CLDN1 function at least as well as the human proteins in promoting HCV entry, both OCLN and CD81 must be of human origin to allow efficient infection. The species-specific determinants of OCLN were mapped to its second extracellular loop. The identification of OCLN as a new HCV entry factor further highlights the importance of the tight junction complex in the viral entry process, and provides an important advance towards efforts to develop small animal models for HCV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.