ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2009
Physiological correlates of social avoidance behavior in children and adolescents with fragile x syndrome.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Autonomic Function in Fragile X Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Pooled it
- Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome.Pediatrics · 2017Pooled it
- Feasibility, reproducibility, and clinical validity of the pediatric anxiety rating scale-revised for fragile X syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2014Trial
- Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2012Trial
- Autonomic Nervous System Function and Sensory Sensitivity in 12-Month-Old Infants with theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heart rate defined sustained attention relates to visual attention in autism and fragile X syndrome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reduced Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Infants with theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of a Behavioral Treatment Probe on Social Gaze Behavior in Fragile X Syndrome and Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Negative affect and respiratory sinus arrhythmia are differentially related to social anxiety and autism features in autistic preschoolers contrasted to fragile X syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Observable Symptoms of Anxiety in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: Parent and Caregiver Perspectives.Genes · 2022Article
- Empathy and Anxiety in Young Girls with Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Article
- Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- EEG as a translational biomarker and outcome measure in fragile X syndrome.Translational psychiatry · 2022Review
- Communication in fragile X syndrome: Patterns and implications for assessment and intervention.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- Effects of X Chromosome Monosomy and Genomic Imprinting on Observational Markers of Social Anxiety in Prepubertal Girls with Turner Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Observational
- Joint attention performance in preschool-aged boys with autism or fragile X syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Concurrent Associations between Expressive Language Ability and Independence in Adolescents and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Trajectories of Heart Activity Across Infancy to Early Childhood Differentially Predict Autism and Anxiety Symptoms in Fragile X Syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- An Observational Study of Social Interaction Skills and Behaviors in Cornelia de Lange, Fragile X and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndromes.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2020Observational
- Physiological arousal and observed behaviour in parent-child interactions involving young children with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate whether eye-gaze avoidance, a striking phenotypic feature in fragile X syndrome (FXS), is associated with high levels of "hyperarousal" during social interactions with others. To date, almost all studies in this area have been confounded by inclusion of task demands in addition to social demands.
methodWe monitored the cardiovascular activity and eye-gaze avoidance of 50 boys and girls with FXS aged 5 to 20 years during a 25-minute intensive social interaction session with an unfamiliar experimenter. To control for possible family and genetic factors in cardiovascular activity, we compared each child with FXS with their same-sex typically developing biological sibling.
resultsParticipants with FXS obtained significantly higher heart rates, lower vagal tone, and lower heart rate variability estimates both at baseline and during the social interaction session compared with their typically developing siblings. Although eye-gaze avoidance occurred at significantly higher levels in the children with FXS, this behavior decreased slightly over the course of the session (a "warm-up" effect) and did not seem to be associated with cardiovascular activity. In the girls with FXS, higher levels of the fragile X mental retardation protein were associated with higher (and more typical) heart rate variability.
conclusionsThese data suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are dysregulated in FXS. However, given that prolonged exposure to social demands does not inevitably lead to increased anxiety or "hyperarousal," professionals should not be deterred from providing much needed social skills interventions for individuals with FXS.
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