ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2009
Education differences in life expectancy with cognitive impairment.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Could Country-Level Factors Explain Sex Differences in Dementia Incidence and Prevalence? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Pooled it
- Anodal HD-tDCS on the dominant anterior temporal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: clinical results in patients with mild cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Estimating the Sex Gap in Depression-Free Life Expectancy Among Widowed Americans Aged 50 and Older: An Application Using the Interpolated Markov Chain Approach.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities linked to the transitioning to neurocognitive disorders and mortality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gender Gap in Unhealthy Life Expectancy: The Role of Education Among Adults Aged 45.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Cognitive health expectancies of cardiovascular risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.Age and ageing · 2021Article
- Change in Cognitively Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Life Expectancy in the United States: 2000-2010.SSM - population health · 2016Article
- Role of dietary pattern analysis in determining cognitive status in elderly Australian adults.Nutrients · 2015Article
- Characterization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in an older population: updated incidence and life expectancy with and without dementia.American journal of public health · 2015Article
- Gender differences in health expectancies across the disablement process among older Thais.PloS one · 2015Article
- Life expectancy with and without cognitive impairment in seven Latin American and Caribbean countries.PloS one · 2015Article
- The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease--lessons from pathology.BMC medicine · 2014Review
- More Education May Limit Disability and Extend Life For People With Cognitive Impairment.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias · 2014Article
- The methods and materials of health expectancy.Statistical journal of the IAOS · 2014Article
- Education associated with a delayed onset of terminal decline.Age and ageing · 2014Article
- Racial differences in the association of education with physical and cognitive function in older blacks and whites.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2011Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for dementia with lewy bodies.International journal of Alzheimer's disease · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow education has an impact on life expectancy and level of cognition, but little is known on its effect on life expectancy with cognitive impairment.
methodsThe Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) collected population-based longitudinal data on people aged 65 years and older including measures of education and cognitive impairment, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), for five geographically diverse areas around England and Wales interviewed between 1991 and 2003. Transitions between health states were calculated using Markov chain methods. Life expectancy in different states of cognitive function as measured by MMSE were further explored for different education groups. The effect of fixed and educationally based cut points for cognitive impairment are investigated.
resultsLife expectancy spent with cognitive impairment is fairly constant with increasing age at around 1.4 years in men and 2.5 years in women, though this reflects a large increase in the proportion of life spent with cognitive impairment. The differences seen between education groups for the proportion of total life with cognitive impairment (men 13% and women 22% of life lived for low education vs men 7% and women 12% in high education group) disappear when education-adjusted cut points are used (10% in men and 17% in women at age 65 for all education groups).
conclusionsThe results show that there is a substantial amount of life expectancy with cognitive impairment in both men and women. The impairment burden is just as great for those with high education as the lowest educated group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.