ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2009
Indole-diterpene biosynthetic capability of epichloë endophytes as predicted by ltm gene analysis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Untargeted metabolomics of mature sorghum [Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Morphological, Molecular, and Alkaloid Gene Profiling ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Identification and Characterization of ThreeJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Shearinines U-Y, indole diterpenoids from an entomogenous fungus,RSC advances · 2025Article
- Anti-herbivory defences delivered by Epichloë fungal endophytes: a quantitative review of alkaloid concentration variation among hosts and plant parts.Annals of botany · 2024Review
- Functional Crosstalk between Discrete Indole Terpenoid Gene Clusters inOrganic letters · 2023Article
- Quantitation and Distribution ofMetabolites · 2023Article
- Identification of ThreeJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Metabolomic Study ofMetabolites · 2022Article
- Dissection of the epoxyjanthitrem pathway inFrontiers in fungal biology · 2022Article
- Metabolic Potential ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- Article
- Global Changes in AsexualMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Genetic Diversity of the Symbiotic FungusFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae.The New phytologist · 2020Article
- Molecular mechanisms in grass-Epichloë interactions: towards endophyte driven farming to improve plant fitness and immunity.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2020Review
- Analysis of the Indole Diterpene Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of the Epoxy-Janthitrems inMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- A Simple LC-MS Method for the Quantitation of Alkaloids in Endophyte-Infected Perennial Ryegrass.Toxins · 2019Article
- Infection Rates and Alkaloid Patterns of Different Grass Species with SystemicApplied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bioprotective alkaloids produced by Epichloë and closely related asexual Neotyphodium fungal endophytes protect their grass hosts from insect and mammalian herbivory. One class of these compounds, known for antimammalian toxicity, is the indole-diterpenes. The LTM locus of Neotyphodium lolii (Lp19) and Epichloë festuce (Fl1), required for the biosynthesis of the indole-diterpene lolitrem, consists of 10 ltm genes. We have used PCR and Southern analysis to screen a broad taxonomic range of 44 endophyte isolates to determine why indole-diterpenes are present in so few endophyte-grass associations in comparison to that of the other bioprotective alkaloids, which are more widespread among the endophtyes. All 10 ltm genes were present in only three epichloë endophytes. A predominance of the asexual Neotyphodium spp. examined contained 8 of the 10 ltm genes, with only one N. lolii containing the entire LTM locus and the ability to produce lolitrems. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profiles of indole-diterpenes from a subset of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass showed that endophytes that contained functional genes present in ltm clusters 1 and 2 were capable of producing simple indole-diterpenes such as paspaline, 13-desoxypaxilline, and terpendoles, compounds predicted to be precursors of lolitrem B. Analysis of toxin biosynthesis genes by PCR now enables a diagnostic method to screen endophytes for both beneficial and detrimental alkaloids and can be used as a resource for screening isolates required for forage improvement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.