Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2009
Effectiveness of policy to provide breastfeeding groups (BIG) for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Impact and Effectiveness of Group Strategies for Supporting Breastfeeding after Birth: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for supporting the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding among women who are overweight or obese.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Counselling interventions to enable women to initiate and continue breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2019Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of offering an area-level financial incentive on breast feeding: a within-cluster randomised controlled trial analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2020Trial
- BReastfeeding Attitude and Volume Optimization (BRAVO) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2016Trial
- Supporting breastfeeding In Local Communities (SILC) in Victoria, Australia: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- The Influence of Participation in Pregnancy Courses and Breastfeeding Support Groups on Attitudes and Knowledge of Health Professionals about Breastfeeding.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The cost-effectiveness of antenatal and postnatal education and support interventions for women aimed at promoting breastfeeding in the UK.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions: gap analysis, workshop and consultation-informed update.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Article
- Validation of the Arabic Maternal Breastfeeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES-A) among Lebanese women.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Article
- Adapting breastfeeding support in areas of socio-economic deprivation: a case study approach.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Breastfeeding Support Offered at Delivery is Associated with Higher Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks Postpartum Among HIV Exposed Infants: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Article
- Health education strategies targeting maternal and child health: A scoping review of educational methodologies.Medicine · 2019Article
- Routinely collected infant feeding data: Time for global action.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Article
- Explaining infant feeding: The role of previous personal and vicarious experience on attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and breastfeeding outcomes.British journal of health psychology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a policy to provide breastfeeding groups for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
designCluster randomised controlled trial with prospective mixed method embedded case studies to evaluate implementation processes.
settingPrimary care in Scotland.
participantsPregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and babies registered with 14 of 66 eligible clusters of general practices (localities) in Scotland that routinely collect breastfeeding outcome data.
interventionLocalities set up new breastfeeding groups to provide population coverage; control localities did not change group activity.
main outcome measuresPRIMARY OUTCOME: any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks from routinely collected data for two pre-trial years and two trial years. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: any breast feeding at birth, 5-7 days, and 8-9 months; maternal satisfaction.
resultsBetween 1 February 2005 and 31 January 2007, 9747 birth records existed for intervention localities and 9111 for control localities. The number of breastfeeding groups increased from 10 to 27 in intervention localities, where 1310 women attended, and remained at 10 groups in control localities. No significant differences in breastfeeding outcomes were found. Any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks declined from 27% to 26% in intervention localities and increased from 29% to 30% in control localities (P=0.08, adjusted for pre-trial rate). Any breast feeding at 6-8 weeks increased from 38% to 39% in localities not participating in the trial. Women who attended breastfeeding groups were older (P<0.001) than women initiating breast feeding who did not attend and had higher income (P=0.02) than women in the control localities who attended postnatal groups. The locality cost was pound13 400 (euro14 410; $20 144) a year.
conclusionA policy for providing breastfeeding groups in relatively deprived areas of Scotland did not improve breastfeeding rates at 6-8 weeks. The costs of running groups would be similar to the costs of visiting women at home.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN44857041.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.