Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19181454›Full record

ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2009

Chronic stress increases pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST): roles for PACAP in anxiety-like behavior.

Sayamwong E Hammack, Joseph Cheung, Kimberly M Rhodes, Kristin C Schutz, William A Falls, Karen M Braas, Victor May

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
152citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

152 citing papers in PubMed, 229 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Lateral septal PACAP signaling regulates stress and anxiety reactions.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. A chemogenetic approach for temporal and cell-specific activation of endogenous GPCRs in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sayamwong E HammackDepartment of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. shammack@uvm.edu
Joseph Cheung
Kimberly M Rhodes
Kristin C Schutz
William A Falls
Karen M Braas
Victor May
University of Vermont · US

Funding

Proteomics Core for Neuroscience P20 RR16435P20RR016435 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI SPEES, JEFFREY L · 2001 to 2010
$23.5M
REGULATION OF PEPTIDE EXPRESSION IN NEURONAL CELLSR01HD027468 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI MAY, VICTOR · 1991 to 2005
$1.8M
REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL PACAP EXPRESSIONR01NS037179 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI BRAAS, KAREN M · 2000 to 2003
$1.1M
NCRR NIH HHS P20 RR016435NCRR NIH HHS P20RR16435NICHD NIH HHS HD27468NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD027468NINDS NIH HHS NS37179NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS037179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exposure to chronic stress has been argued to produce maladaptive anxiety-like behavioral states, and many of the brain regions associated with stressor responding also mediate anxiety-like behavior. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its specific G protein-coupled PAC(1) receptor have been associated with many of these stress- and anxiety-associated brain regions, and signaling via this peptidergic system may facilitate the neuroplasticity associated with pathological affective states. Here we investigated whether chronic stress increased transcript expression for PACAP, PAC(1) receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in several nuclei. In rats exposed to a 7 days chronic variate stress paradigm, chronic stress enhanced baseline startle responding induced by handling and exposure to bright lights. Following chronic stress, quantitative transcript assessments of brain regions demonstrated dramatic increases in PACAP and PAC(1) receptor, BDNF, and TrkB receptor mRNA expression selectively in the dorsal aspect of the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST). Related vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VPAC receptor, and other stress peptide transcript levels were not altered compared to controls. Moreover, acute PACAP38 infusion into the dBNST resulted in a robust dose-dependent anxiogenic response on baseline startle responding that persisted for 7 days. PACAP/PAC(1) receptor signaling has established trophic functions and its coordinate effects with chronic stress-induced dBNST BDNF and TrkB transcript expression may underlie the maladaptive BNST remodeling and plasticity associated with anxiety-like behavior.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalAnimalsAnxietyBehavior, AnimalBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorChronic DiseaseMaleModels, BiologicalNeuronal PlasticityPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type IReceptor, trkBRNA, MessengerSeptal NucleiBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideReceptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type IReceptor, trkBRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID19181454
PMCPMC2705919
OpenAlexW1975765156

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.