ArticleArthritis and rheumatism2009
Prostaglandin E2 and its cognate EP receptors control human adult articular cartilage homeostasis and are linked to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.
Article in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Research progress on the causes of pain in knee osteoarthritis].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of curcumin on serum inflammatory biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Pooled it
- Recognition of Immune Response for the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoarthritis.Journal of immunology research · 2015Pooled it
- Eggshell Membrane Peptides Alleviate IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Canine Chondrocytes by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Inhibition of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase promotes cartilage regeneration.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Potential Chondroprotective Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dual Roles of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in Bone Remodeling and Pain Management: Bridging the Gap in Osteoarthritis Research.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Connexin 43 hemichannels and related diseases.Antibody therapeutics · 2024Review
- Investigating the Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Chondroprotective Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Inhibition of the MALT1-LPCAT3 axis protects cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Intra-Articular Injection of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction in Osteoarthritic Temporomandibular Joints: Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Role and molecular mechanism of ghrelin in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Eccentric contractions during downhill running induce Osgood‒Schlatter disease in the tibial tuberosity in rats: a focus on histological structures.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Periodic Mechanical Stress Inhibits the Development of Osteoarthritis via Regulating ATF3-Akt Axis.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Obesity promotes lipid accumulation in mouse cartilage-A potential role of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mediated chondrocyte de novo lipogenesis.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2022Article
- Interleukin 1β and lipopolysaccharides induction dictate chondrocyte morphological properties and reduce cellular roughness and adhesion energy comparatively.Biointerphases · 2022Article
- NFκB inhibition to lift the mechano-competence of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived neocartilage toward articular chondrocyte levels.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Article
- PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis.Bone research · 2022Article
- A novel prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) small molecule antagonist induces articular cartilage regeneration.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- Cartilage tissue engineering: From proinflammatory and anti‑inflammatory cytokines to osteoarthritis treatments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo elucidate the pathophysiologic links between prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and osteoarthritis (OA) by characterizing the catabolic effects of PGE(2) and its unique receptors in human adult articular chondrocytes.
methodsHuman adult articular chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer or alginate beads with and without PGE(2) and/or agonists of EP receptors, antagonists of EP receptors, and cytokines. Cell survival, proliferation, and total proteoglycan synthesis and accumulation were measured in alginate beads. Chondrocyte-related gene expression and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively, using a monolayer cell culture model.
resultsStimulation of human articular chondrocytes with PGE(2) through the EP2 receptor suppressed proteoglycan accumulation and synthesis, suppressed aggrecan gene expression, did not appreciably affect expression of matrix-degrading enzymes, and decreased the type II collagen:type I collagen ratio. EP2 and EP4 receptors were expressed at higher levels in knee cartilage than in ankle cartilage and in a grade-dependent manner. PGE(2) titration combined with interleukin-1 (IL-1) synergistically accelerated expression of pain-associated molecules such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-6. Finally, stimulation with exogenous PGE(2) or an EP2 receptor-specific agonist inhibited activation of Akt that was induced by insulin-like growth factor 1.
conclusionPGE(2) exerts an antianabolic effect on human adult articular cartilage in vitro, and EP2 and EP4 receptor antagonists may represent effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of OA.
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