ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Anthrax protective antigen delivered by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Ty21a protects mice from a lethal anthrax spore challenge.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bactofection, Bacterial-Mediated Vaccination, and Cancer Therapy: Current Applications and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Advances in the development of Salmonella-based vaccine strategies for protection against Salmonellosis in humans.Journal of applied microbiology · 2021Review
- Stable Chromosomal Expression of Shigella flexneri 2a and 3a O-Antigens in the Live Salmonella Oral Vaccine Vector Ty21a.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Protection against inhalation anthrax by immunization withNPJ vaccines · 2017Article
- Production and cell surface display of recombinant anthrax protective antigen on the surface layer of attenuated Bacillus anthracis.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2015Article
- Recombinant Salmonella Expressing Burkholderia mallei LPS O Antigen Provides Protection in a Murine Model of Melioidosis and Glanders.PloS one · 2015Article
- Salmonella as a vaccine delivery vehicle.Expert review of vaccines · 2013Review
- Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Oral Vaccine Strain Ty21a.Genome announcements · 2013Article
- New technologies in developing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors.Microbial pathogenesis · 2013Review
- Progress inFrontiers in biology · 2013Article
- Room temperature stabilization of oral, live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi-vectored vaccines.Vaccine · 2011Article
- Article
- DNA vaccines for targeting bacterial infections.Expert review of vaccines · 2010Review
- New technologies in using recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors.Critical reviews in immunology · 2010Review
- Anthrax vaccination strategies.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2009Review
- Technical transformation of biodefense vaccines.Vaccine · 2009Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax disease, is a proven weapon of bioterrorism. Currently, the only licensed vaccine against anthrax in the United States is AVA Biothrax, which, although efficacious, suffers from several limitations. This vaccine requires six injectable doses over 18 months to stimulate protective immunity, requires a cold chain for storage, and in many cases has been associated with adverse effects. In this study, we modified the B. anthracis protective antigen (PA) gene for optimal expression and stability, linked it to an inducible promoter for maximal expression in the host, and fused it to the secretion signal of the Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin protein (HlyA) on a low-copy-number plasmid. This plasmid was introduced into the licensed typhoid vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty21a, and was found to be genetically stable. Immunization of mice with three vaccine doses elicited a strong PA-specific serum immunoglobulin G response with a geometric mean titer of 30,000 (range, 5,800 to 157,000) and lethal-toxin-neutralizing titers greater than 16,000. Vaccinated mice demonstrated 100% protection against a lethal intranasal challenge with aerosolized spores of B. anthracis 7702. The ultimate goal is a temperature-stable, safe, oral human vaccine against anthrax infection that can be self-administered in a few doses over a short period of time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.