Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19179401›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009

A combination of unusual transcription factors binds cooperatively to control Myxococcus xanthus developmental gene expression.

Sheenu Mittal, Lee Kroos

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Milestones in the development ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Cell density, alignment, and orientation correlate with C-signal-dependent gene expression duringProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  5. Article
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  9. TheJournal of bacteriology · 2017
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Regulated proteolysis in bacterial development.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2014
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Sheenu MittalCell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Lee Kroos
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology · RU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Myxococcus xanthus is a bacterium that undergoes multicellular development requiring coordinate regulation of multiple signaling pathways. One pathway governs aggregation and sporulation of some cells in a starving population and requires C-signaling, whereas another pathway causes programmed cell death and requires the MazF toxin. In response to starvation, the levels of the bifunctional transcription factor/antitoxin MrpC and its related proteolytic fragment MrpC2 are increased, inhibiting the cell death pathway via direct interaction of MrpC with MazF. Herein, we demonstrate that MrpC2 plays a direct role in the transcriptional response to C-signaling. We show that MrpC2 binds to sequences upstream of the C-signal-dependent fmgA promoter. These sequences are present in other C-signal-dependent promoter regions, indicating a general role for MrpC2 in developmental gene regulation. Association of MrpC and/or MrpC2 with the fmgA promoter region in vivo requires FruA, a protein that is similar to response regulators of 2-component signal transduction systems, but may not be phosphorylated. DNA binding studies showed that this association likely involves an unusual mechanism for a response regulator in which FruA and MrpC2 bind cooperatively to adjacent sites upstream of the fmgA promoter. We propose that this unusual mechanism of combinatorial control allows coordination of morphogenetic C-signaling with starvation signaling and cell death, determining spatiotemporal gene expression and cell fate.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, BacterialBacterial ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGene Regulatory NetworksMorphogenesisMyxococcus xanthusPromoter Regions, GeneticProtein BindingSignal TransductionTranscription FactorsBacterial ProteinsFruA protein, Myxococcus xanthusMrpC protein, Myxococcus xanthusTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID19179401
PMCPMC2644147
OpenAlexW2051856170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.