Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19176585›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2009

Differential requirements of BMP and Wnt signalling during gastrulation and neurulation define two steps in neural crest induction.

Ben Steventon, Claudio Araya, Claudia Linker, Sei Kuriyama, Roberto Mayor

Open access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

90 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. From neural crest migration to the onset of gangliogenesis.Current topics in developmental biology · 2025
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30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ben SteventonDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
Claudio Araya
Claudia Linker
Sei Kuriyama
Roberto Mayor
University College London · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilMedical Research Council G0801145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The neural crest is induced by a combination of secreted signals. Although previous models of neural crest induction have proposed a step-wise activation of these signals, the actual spatial and temporal requirement has not been analysed. Through analysing the role of the mesoderm we show for the first time that specification of neural crest requires two temporally and chemically different steps: first, an induction at the gastrula stage dependent on signals arising from the dorsolateral mesoderm; and second, a maintenance step at the neurula stage dependent on signals from tissues adjacent to the neural crest. By performing tissue recombination experiments and using specific inhibitors of different inductive signals, we show that the first inductive step requires Wnt activation and BMP inhibition, whereas the later maintenance step requires activation of both pathways. This change in BMP necessity from BMP inhibition at gastrula to BMP activation at neurula stages is further supported by the dynamic expression of BMP4 and its antagonists, and is confirmed by direct measurements of BMP activity in the neural crest cells. The differential requirements of BMP activity allow us to propose an explanation for apparently discrepant results between chick and frog experiments. The demonstration that Wnt signals are required for neural crest induction by mesoderm solves an additional long-standing controversy. Finally, our results emphasise the importance of considering the order of exposure to signals during an inductive event.

Indexed as

AnimalsBone Morphogenetic Protein 4Bone Morphogenetic ProteinsChick EmbryoGastrulationGlycoproteinsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMesodermModels, NeurologicalNeural CrestNeurogenesisSignal TransductionSnail Family Transcription FactorsSOXB1 Transcription FactorsSpecies SpecificityTranscription Factorsbmp4 protein, XenopusBone Morphogenetic Protein 4Bone Morphogenetic ProteinschordinGlycoproteinsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsSnail Family Transcription Factorssox2 protein, XenopusSox3 protein, XenopusSOXB1 Transcription FactorsTranscription FactorsWnt ProteinsXenopus Proteins

Identifiers

PMID19176585
PMCPMC2685944
OpenAlexW2046881848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.