ReviewJournal of anatomy2009
Nutritional programming of disease: unravelling the mechanism.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of low- and high-protein maternal diets during gestation on reproductive outcomes in the rat: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of animal science · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Protein Intake Early in Life on Kidney Volume and Blood Pressure at 11 Years of Age.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The Influence of Parents' Nutritional Education Program on Their Infants' Metabolic Health.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Higher protein intake increases cardiac function parameters in healthy children: metabolic programming by infant nutrition-secondary analysis from a clinical trial.Pediatric research · 2016Trial
- Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy on fetal heart rate and variability: a randomized clinical trial.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2013Trial
- Sex-biased metabolic programming in Drosophila via paternal white rice exposure.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2026Article
- Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and epilepsy in the offspring: A population-based cohort study.Epilepsy research · 2026Article
- Environmental Nephrotoxicity Across the Life Course: Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and Opportunities for Early Intervention.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Early and long-term effects of maternal protein restriction on offspring organs and systems: insights from the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Personality development in non-domesticated house mice: evidence for a nutrition-dependent sensitive period early in life.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Does maternal consumption of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners result in offspring hypertension?Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Kidney Programming and Hypertension: Linking Prenatal Development to Adulthood.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Modulation of metabolic and immunoregulatory pathways in the gut transcriptome of Atlantic salmon (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Epigenetic Legacy of Maternal Protein Restriction: RenalNutrients · 2023Article
- High-fat diet in early life triggers both reversible and persistent epigenetic changes in the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes).BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop.European journal of nutrition · 2023Review
- Nutritional Health Knowledge and Literacy among Pregnant Women in the Czech Republic: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nutritional programming is the process through which variation in the quality or quantity of nutrients consumed during pregnancy exerts permanent effects upon the developing fetus. Programming of fetal development is considered to be an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases of adulthood, including coronary heart disease and other disorders related to insulin resistance. The study of programming in relation to disease processes has been advanced by development of animal models, which have utilized restriction or over-feeding of specific nutrients in either rodents or sheep. These consistently demonstrate the biological plausibility of the nutritional programming hypothesis and, importantly, provide tools with which to examine the mechanisms through which programming may occur. Studies of animals subject to undernutrition in utero generally exhibit changes in the structure of key organs such as the kidney, heart and brain. These appear consistent with remodelling of development, associated with disruption of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Whilst the causal pathways which extend from this tissue remodelling to disease can be easily understood, the processes which lead to this disordered organ development are poorly defined. Even minor variation in maternal nutritional status is capable of producing important shifts in the fetal environment. It is suggested that these environmental changes are associated with altered expression of key genes, which are responsible for driving the tissue remodelling response and future disease risk. Nutrition-related factors may drive these processes by disturbing placental function, including control of materno-fetal endocrine exchanges, or the epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.